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<p>Cancer is the second greatest cause of death worldwide and it is a chronic, diverse disease that can present with a wide range of severe clinical symptoms. The numerous shortcomings of the cancer treatments available today lead to ineffective management, which highlights the need for alternative strategies. The goal of the current study is to assess the anticancer properties of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), which were biosynthesised using <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> stem extract and are designed to disrupt the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in colon cancer cell line (HT-29). Conventional physicochemical methods were used to characterise the biogenic CuO NPs, confirmed their crystalline composition and nanoscale shape.ROS generation was quantified using the DCFH-DA stain, and their effects on cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction, ROS formation, and cytotoxicity were systematically evaluated. The biosynthesised CuO NPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC₅₀: 11.60&#xa0;µg/mL) and significantly enhanced ROS generation, disrupted mitochondrial potential, induced apoptosis, and altered cell cycle progression. Western blot analysis confirmed downregulation of key proliferative proteins, indicating strong inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling. These findings were further supported by in silico docking studies, which demonstrated the strong binding affinity of <i>A. vulgaris</i> phytocomponents with PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, indicating integrated regulation of both proliferative and apoptotic pathways. Collectively, the outcomes clearly demonstrate that biogenic CuO NPs possess significant anticancer properties against HT-29 colon cancer cells, and prior to their commercial application, further in vivo studies will be required to validate their apoptosis-inducing efficacy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication of Biosynthesis CuO Nanoparticles Mediated by Artemisia vulgaris: A Novel Target for Colon Cancer Therapy Via Suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月2日

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  • Murugesan Sakthivel,
  • Karuppaiya Vimala,
  • Manickam Rajkumar,
  • Sundarraj Navaneethakrishnan,
  • Ramasundaram Thangaraj,
  • Soundarapandian Kannan

摘要

Cancer is the second greatest cause of death worldwide and it is a chronic, diverse disease that can present with a wide range of severe clinical symptoms. The numerous shortcomings of the cancer treatments available today lead to ineffective management, which highlights the need for alternative strategies. The goal of the current study is to assess the anticancer properties of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), which were biosynthesised using Artemisia vulgaris stem extract and are designed to disrupt the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in colon cancer cell line (HT-29). Conventional physicochemical methods were used to characterise the biogenic CuO NPs, confirmed their crystalline composition and nanoscale shape.ROS generation was quantified using the DCFH-DA stain, and their effects on cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction, ROS formation, and cytotoxicity were systematically evaluated. The biosynthesised CuO NPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC₅₀: 11.60 µg/mL) and significantly enhanced ROS generation, disrupted mitochondrial potential, induced apoptosis, and altered cell cycle progression. Western blot analysis confirmed downregulation of key proliferative proteins, indicating strong inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling. These findings were further supported by in silico docking studies, which demonstrated the strong binding affinity of A. vulgaris phytocomponents with PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, indicating integrated regulation of both proliferative and apoptotic pathways. Collectively, the outcomes clearly demonstrate that biogenic CuO NPs possess significant anticancer properties against HT-29 colon cancer cells, and prior to their commercial application, further in vivo studies will be required to validate their apoptosis-inducing efficacy.

Graphical Abstract