<p>A study on the simple synthesis of materials having a synergistic role as photocatalysts when exposed to sunlight irradiation and super-adsorbents in the dark is provided in the present article. NiO@<i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite was prepared by mixing and ultrasonicating graphitic carbon nitride (<i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) with NiO nanoparticles at a ratio of 1:1. XRD, XPS, BET, DR/UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, and zeta potential analysis were used for the samples’ analysis. XRD pattern of NiO@<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> conforms to the NiO pattern, with diminished peak strength at the main peak of <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, suggesting partial exfoliation of the lamellar <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> layers during the ultrasonication with NiO. In NiO@<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, the <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> sheets were irregularly covered with NiO nanoplatelets as confirmed by SEM images. Employing ciprofloxacin (CIP) as a pollutant model drug, the adsorption efficiency and various parameters influencing the adsorption process without light irradiation were investigated. The synergistic role of the NiO@<i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite was studied, where it showed a CIP removal of 80% when exposed to sunlight irradiation versus 10% by adsorption in the dark after 60&#xa0;min. The rate constant values indicated that NiO@<i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite showed a faster photocatalytic degradation rate than bare NiO or bare <i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The band gap measurements and the band alignment of NiO and <i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> suggest <i>S</i>-scheme heterojunction’s mechanism, which suppresses the e<sup>−</sup>-h<sup>+</sup> recombination and increases the photocatalytic efficiency. NiO@<i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite could be successfully recycled, where it showed removal of more than 50% of CIP after 4 photocatalysis runs. Moreover, the NiO@<i>g-</i>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was employed for CIP degradation in real water samples.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic Adsorption-Photocatalysis Under Sunlight Irradiation of NiO/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanocomposite for the Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Wastewater

  • Sahar K. Mohamed,
  • Amira M. Elhgrasi,
  • Omnia I. Ali

摘要

A study on the simple synthesis of materials having a synergistic role as photocatalysts when exposed to sunlight irradiation and super-adsorbents in the dark is provided in the present article. NiO@g-C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared by mixing and ultrasonicating graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with NiO nanoparticles at a ratio of 1:1. XRD, XPS, BET, DR/UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, and zeta potential analysis were used for the samples’ analysis. XRD pattern of NiO@g-C3N4 conforms to the NiO pattern, with diminished peak strength at the main peak of g-C3N4, suggesting partial exfoliation of the lamellar g-C3N4 layers during the ultrasonication with NiO. In NiO@g-C3N4, the g-C3N4 sheets were irregularly covered with NiO nanoplatelets as confirmed by SEM images. Employing ciprofloxacin (CIP) as a pollutant model drug, the adsorption efficiency and various parameters influencing the adsorption process without light irradiation were investigated. The synergistic role of the NiO@g-C3N4 nanocomposite was studied, where it showed a CIP removal of 80% when exposed to sunlight irradiation versus 10% by adsorption in the dark after 60 min. The rate constant values indicated that NiO@g-C3N4 nanocomposite showed a faster photocatalytic degradation rate than bare NiO or bare g-C3N4. The band gap measurements and the band alignment of NiO and g-C3N4 suggest S-scheme heterojunction’s mechanism, which suppresses the e-h+ recombination and increases the photocatalytic efficiency. NiO@g-C3N4 nanocomposite could be successfully recycled, where it showed removal of more than 50% of CIP after 4 photocatalysis runs. Moreover, the NiO@g-C3N4 was employed for CIP degradation in real water samples.

Graphical Abstract