<p>Brominated and iodinated methanes impact atmospheric chemistry, particularly through ozone depletion, but the environmental factors controlling their production by marine phytoplankton are not fully understood. This study examined how different light intensities (30, 60, 90, and 120 µmol photons m<sup>− 2</sup> s<sup>− 1</sup>) affect the growth and halomethane production by the marine diatom <i>Achnanthes subconstricta</i>. Cultures were incubated under full-spectrum light, and concentrations of CHBr<sub>3</sub>, CHBr<sub>2</sub>Cl, CHBrCl<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>ClI, and CH<sub>2</sub>BrI were measured using purge-and-trap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Phytoplankton growth, assessed by chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration, increased with light intensity. Among brominated methanes, CHBr<sub>3</sub> and CHBr<sub>2</sub>Cl were generally more abundant, and CHBrCl<sub>2</sub> was least abundant. Similarly, CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> was generally the dominant iodinated methane, followed by CH<sub>2</sub>ClI and CH<sub>2</sub>BrI. The production rate ratios of CHBr<sub>3</sub> : CHBr<sub>2</sub>Cl : CHBrCl<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> : CH<sub>2</sub>ClI : CH<sub>2</sub>BrI were 1.8 : 1.7 : 1 and 5.2 : 2.0 : 1, respectively, at 120 µmol photons m<sup>− 2</sup> s<sup>− 1</sup> during the exponential phase. CHBr<sub>3</sub> production rates normalized to chlorophyll <i>a</i> were 2.13, 3.12, 9.49, and 7.24 nmol (g chlorophyll <i>a</i>)<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>− 1</sup> at 30, 60, 90, and 120 µmol photons m<sup>− 2</sup> s<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively. Similarly, CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> production rates normalized to chlorophyll <i>a</i> were 5.47, 2.53, 10.5, and 29.8 nmol (g chlorophyll <i>a</i>)<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>− 1</sup> at the same light intensities. These results demonstrate that halomethane production in <i>A. subconstricta</i> is markedly affected by light intensity, with distinct patterns observed for different compounds. The findings suggest that <i>A. subconstricta</i> may play a significant role in marine halocarbon emissions, with production that varies depending on light conditions and growth phase.&#xa0;</p>

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Effect of light intensity on the production of brominated and iodinated methanes by the marine diatom Achnanthes subconstricta

  • Yuki Okuda ,
  • Shinya Hashimoto

摘要

Brominated and iodinated methanes impact atmospheric chemistry, particularly through ozone depletion, but the environmental factors controlling their production by marine phytoplankton are not fully understood. This study examined how different light intensities (30, 60, 90, and 120 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1) affect the growth and halomethane production by the marine diatom Achnanthes subconstricta. Cultures were incubated under full-spectrum light, and concentrations of CHBr3, CHBr2Cl, CHBrCl2, CH2I2, CH2ClI, and CH2BrI were measured using purge-and-trap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Phytoplankton growth, assessed by chlorophyll a concentration, increased with light intensity. Among brominated methanes, CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl were generally more abundant, and CHBrCl2 was least abundant. Similarly, CH2I2 was generally the dominant iodinated methane, followed by CH2ClI and CH2BrI. The production rate ratios of CHBr3 : CHBr2Cl : CHBrCl2 and CH2I2 : CH2ClI : CH2BrI were 1.8 : 1.7 : 1 and 5.2 : 2.0 : 1, respectively, at 120 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1 during the exponential phase. CHBr3 production rates normalized to chlorophyll a were 2.13, 3.12, 9.49, and 7.24 nmol (g chlorophyll a)−1 d− 1 at 30, 60, 90, and 120 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1, respectively. Similarly, CH2I2 production rates normalized to chlorophyll a were 5.47, 2.53, 10.5, and 29.8 nmol (g chlorophyll a)−1 d− 1 at the same light intensities. These results demonstrate that halomethane production in A. subconstricta is markedly affected by light intensity, with distinct patterns observed for different compounds. The findings suggest that A. subconstricta may play a significant role in marine halocarbon emissions, with production that varies depending on light conditions and growth phase.