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<p>Previous research noticed that the incongruence between expectation and reality affects newcomers’ (new employees’) organizational socialization. However, scholars ignore the effect of different types of these incongruent experiences on socialization outcomes from the perspective of individual psychology and behavior. In this research, we first propose and validate two types of expectancy violation experiences (i.e., <i>positive violation experiences in socialization</i> and <i>negative violation experiences in socialization</i>). Second, we explore how and when expectancy violation experiences trigger newcomers’ moods, interpersonal relationship behaviors, and socialization outcomes, drawing upon cognitive-motivational-relational theory, and examine the boundary condition of criticality of positive and negative violation experiences in socialization in the above relationship according to event system theory. The results of a scenario experiment (Study 1) and two field surveys (Studies 2 and 3) demonstrated that positive violation experiences in socialization could promote newcomers’ happiness and, in turn, drive relationship building and ultimately facilitate newcomer socialization, whereas negative violation experiences in socialization could trigger newcomers’ anxiety, which leads to relationship avoidance and is ultimately detrimental to socialization. Criticality of positive violation experiences strengthens the relationship between positive violation experiences and happiness, and criticality of negative violation experiences also strengthens the relationship between negative violation experiences and anxiety.</p>

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Not All Violations Break My Heart: How and When Expectancy Violation Experiences Trigger Newcomer Socialization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Chong Chen,
  • Wen Kyle Wu,
  • Jialin Liu,
  • Dan Ni,
  • Hongmei Zhao,
  • Huaiyuan Zhai,
  • Xuefeng Wang

摘要

Previous research noticed that the incongruence between expectation and reality affects newcomers’ (new employees’) organizational socialization. However, scholars ignore the effect of different types of these incongruent experiences on socialization outcomes from the perspective of individual psychology and behavior. In this research, we first propose and validate two types of expectancy violation experiences (i.e., positive violation experiences in socialization and negative violation experiences in socialization). Second, we explore how and when expectancy violation experiences trigger newcomers’ moods, interpersonal relationship behaviors, and socialization outcomes, drawing upon cognitive-motivational-relational theory, and examine the boundary condition of criticality of positive and negative violation experiences in socialization in the above relationship according to event system theory. The results of a scenario experiment (Study 1) and two field surveys (Studies 2 and 3) demonstrated that positive violation experiences in socialization could promote newcomers’ happiness and, in turn, drive relationship building and ultimately facilitate newcomer socialization, whereas negative violation experiences in socialization could trigger newcomers’ anxiety, which leads to relationship avoidance and is ultimately detrimental to socialization. Criticality of positive violation experiences strengthens the relationship between positive violation experiences and happiness, and criticality of negative violation experiences also strengthens the relationship between negative violation experiences and anxiety.