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<p>This study aimed to culturally adapt the Family Almost Perfect Scale (FAPS) for Turkish adolescents and young adults and to evaluate its psychometric properties using both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) frameworks.&#xa0;Data were collected from 512 participants, including 247 high school students and 265 university students, enrolled in public educational institutions in southwestern Turkey. Following linguistic adaptation, the scale’s construct validity was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Psychometric precision was further examined via the Graded Response Model (GRM), and measurement invariance was comprehensively evaluated through multi-group CFA and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses.&#xa0;CFA supported the three-factor correlated structure of the FAPS, with theoretically defensible residual covariances and fit indices from the scaled MLR solution: scaled χ²(111) = 410.57, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, scaled CFI = 0.914, scaled TLI = 0.894, scaled RMSEA = 0.073, 90% CI [0.066, 0.080], and SRMR = 0.064. Reliability analyses demonstrated strong internal consistency for all subscales (Cronbach’s <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">ɑ</Emphasis> ranged from 0.81 to 0.89). Subscale-based GRM analyses produced adequate-to-high item discrimination within the three FAPS dimensions, with discrimination parameters ranging from 1.02 to 3.68 for Family Standards, 1.62 to 3.88 for Family Order, and 1.18 to 3.90 for Family Discrepancy. Multi-group CFA supported configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across educational groups. Subscale-based DIF analyses detected no statistically significant DIF after false discovery rate correction, and effect sizes were negligible to small across items.&#xa0;The Turkish version of the FAPS is a valid and reliable instrument. The findings support the structural validity, reliability, and broad measurement comparability of the Turkish FAPS across high school and university students. The scale may be used to assess perceived perfectionistic family dynamics in research and non-diagnostic educational assessment contexts. Clinical use should be tested separately in treatment-seeking samples.</p>

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Validation of the Family Almost Perfect Scale in Turkish High School and University Students: A Cross-Cultural Psychometric Validation Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Şebnem Irmak İpek,
  • Uğur Doğan

摘要

This study aimed to culturally adapt the Family Almost Perfect Scale (FAPS) for Turkish adolescents and young adults and to evaluate its psychometric properties using both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) frameworks. Data were collected from 512 participants, including 247 high school students and 265 university students, enrolled in public educational institutions in southwestern Turkey. Following linguistic adaptation, the scale’s construct validity was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Psychometric precision was further examined via the Graded Response Model (GRM), and measurement invariance was comprehensively evaluated through multi-group CFA and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses. CFA supported the three-factor correlated structure of the FAPS, with theoretically defensible residual covariances and fit indices from the scaled MLR solution: scaled χ²(111) = 410.57, p < .001, scaled CFI = 0.914, scaled TLI = 0.894, scaled RMSEA = 0.073, 90% CI [0.066, 0.080], and SRMR = 0.064. Reliability analyses demonstrated strong internal consistency for all subscales (Cronbach’s ɑ ranged from 0.81 to 0.89). Subscale-based GRM analyses produced adequate-to-high item discrimination within the three FAPS dimensions, with discrimination parameters ranging from 1.02 to 3.68 for Family Standards, 1.62 to 3.88 for Family Order, and 1.18 to 3.90 for Family Discrepancy. Multi-group CFA supported configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across educational groups. Subscale-based DIF analyses detected no statistically significant DIF after false discovery rate correction, and effect sizes were negligible to small across items. The Turkish version of the FAPS is a valid and reliable instrument. The findings support the structural validity, reliability, and broad measurement comparability of the Turkish FAPS across high school and university students. The scale may be used to assess perceived perfectionistic family dynamics in research and non-diagnostic educational assessment contexts. Clinical use should be tested separately in treatment-seeking samples.