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<p>The rapid advancement of high-frequency communication and electromagnetic technologies demands multifunctional materials with optimized dielectric, electrical, and magnetic properties. In this work, Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>Ce<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites containing 1.25–5 wt% GNPs were synthesized via a sol–gel auto-combustion route followed by bath sonication. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel matrix with crystallite sizes ranging from 42.51 to 68.03 nm. Ce<sup>3+</sup> substitution enhanced crystallinity and densification, while GNPs incorporation effectively suppressed grain growth and reduced porosity to 27.8% for NZCF/3.75wt% GNPs. Raman spectra revealed characteristic ferrite modes along with D and G bands, confirming strong ferrite–GNPs interfacial interactions. Electrical studies demonstrated thermally activated semiconducting behavior governed by Fe<sup>2+</sup> ↔ Fe<sup>3+</sup> hopping conduction. The resistivity decreased from 6.72 × 10<sup>9</sup>&#xa0;Ω cm for NZF to 3.46 × 10<sup>8</sup>&#xa0;Ω cm for NZCF/5wt% GNPs, while NZCF/2.5wt% GNPs exhibited the highest temperature resistivity of 4.54 × 10<sup>7</sup>&#xa0;Ω cm. A maximum activation energy of 0.8853 eV and Curie temperature of 429 K indicated improved thermal stability and modified magnetic ordering. Dielectric measurements showed enhanced interfacial polarization and reduced tangent loss at higher frequencies. Magnetic analysis revealed enhanced saturation magnetization from 81.23 to 83.38 emu/g after Ce<sup>3+</sup> doping, whereas GNPs addition increased coercivity to 182.63 Oe and magnetic anisotropy to 2876.25 erg/cm<sup>3</sup>. These findings demonstrate the strong potential of Ce-modified NZCF/GNPs nanocomposites for EMI shielding, microwave absorption, and high-frequency electromagnetic applications.</p>

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Engineering multifunctional Ni–Zn ferrite/graphene nanocomposites for next-generation applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Enam-ul- Haq,
  • Atta Ur Rehman,
  • Muhammad Rizwan Saleem,
  • Norah Alomayrah,
  • Salah Knani,
  • Nora Mobark Farhan,
  • M. S. Al-Buriahi,
  • Muhammad Imran Arshad

摘要

The rapid advancement of high-frequency communication and electromagnetic technologies demands multifunctional materials with optimized dielectric, electrical, and magnetic properties. In this work, Ni0.35Zn0.65Ce0.03Fe1.97O4/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites containing 1.25–5 wt% GNPs were synthesized via a sol–gel auto-combustion route followed by bath sonication. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel matrix with crystallite sizes ranging from 42.51 to 68.03 nm. Ce3+ substitution enhanced crystallinity and densification, while GNPs incorporation effectively suppressed grain growth and reduced porosity to 27.8% for NZCF/3.75wt% GNPs. Raman spectra revealed characteristic ferrite modes along with D and G bands, confirming strong ferrite–GNPs interfacial interactions. Electrical studies demonstrated thermally activated semiconducting behavior governed by Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ hopping conduction. The resistivity decreased from 6.72 × 109 Ω cm for NZF to 3.46 × 108 Ω cm for NZCF/5wt% GNPs, while NZCF/2.5wt% GNPs exhibited the highest temperature resistivity of 4.54 × 107 Ω cm. A maximum activation energy of 0.8853 eV and Curie temperature of 429 K indicated improved thermal stability and modified magnetic ordering. Dielectric measurements showed enhanced interfacial polarization and reduced tangent loss at higher frequencies. Magnetic analysis revealed enhanced saturation magnetization from 81.23 to 83.38 emu/g after Ce3+ doping, whereas GNPs addition increased coercivity to 182.63 Oe and magnetic anisotropy to 2876.25 erg/cm3. These findings demonstrate the strong potential of Ce-modified NZCF/GNPs nanocomposites for EMI shielding, microwave absorption, and high-frequency electromagnetic applications.