SDG-driven engineering of multifunctional bis(ethyltriphenylphosphonium) tetrabromidozincate(II) single crystal with enhanced nonlinear optical, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and laser photonic performance
摘要
A high-quality bis(ethyltriphenylphosphonium) tetrabromidozincate(II) (PPBZ) single crystal was successfully grown by the slow-cooling solution growth technique and systematically investigated for multifunctional photonic applications. Single-crystal and high-resolution X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a well-ordered noncentrosymmetric crystal with excellent crystalline perfection. The crystal exhibited approximately 75% optical transmittance throughout the visible region with high transparency at 532 nm, an SHG efficiency 3.3 times greater than KDP, a laser damage threshold of 1.37 GW cm⁻2, and significant third-order nonlinear optical parameters (β = 0.42 × 10⁻4 cm W⁻1, n2 = − 4.87 × 10⁻9 cm2 W⁻1, χ⁽3⁾ = 1.91 × 10⁻6 esu). Furthermore, PPBZ demonstrated stable dielectric behavior, ferroelectric switching (Pₛ = 17.26 μC cm⁻2), and a piezoelectric coefficient of 26 pC N⁻1, highlighting its potential for frequency conversion, optical limiting, electro-optic modulation, and integrated photonic devices. The demonstrated sustainable multifunctional properties highlight the potential of PPBZ for energy-efficient photonic and optoelectronic technologies.