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<p>Transparent, flexible temperature sensors are attractive for wearable electronics and robotic systems, yet conventional metal films compromise aesthetics, while copper nanowire (Cu NW) networks suffer from severe oxidation. Here, we report a high-reliability, planar spiral-patterned Cu NW temperature sensor enabled by a dual-protection architecture. Cu NW networks are semi-embedded into a PVDF film to stabilize junctions, followed by liquid-phase self-assembly growth of an ultrathin Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer on the exposed surface. The resulting Cu NWs/PVDF@Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> electrodes retain high transparency and low resistance, with negligible optoelectronic penalty and slightly reduced sheet resistance, possibly due to improved interfacial contact. They show minimal resistance drift under 85&#xa0;°C/85% RH aging, elevated temperatures, and 1% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/NaCl exposure, and endure severe bending (at a spacer-defined inner bending radius of ~ 2.5&#xa0;μm) over 3000 cycles. The sensor exhibits linear thermoresistive response from 0 to 130&#xa0;°C with an optimized TCR of ~ 0.0032&#xa0;°C<sup>−1</sup> and excellent cycling stability.</p>

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Stability-enhanced planar spiral-patterned copper nanowire electrodes via liquid-phase self-assembled Sb2O3 coating for transparent temperature sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Zhaohui Chen,
  • Han Zhang,
  • You Feng,
  • Zhilong Shi,
  • Le Zhao

摘要

Transparent, flexible temperature sensors are attractive for wearable electronics and robotic systems, yet conventional metal films compromise aesthetics, while copper nanowire (Cu NW) networks suffer from severe oxidation. Here, we report a high-reliability, planar spiral-patterned Cu NW temperature sensor enabled by a dual-protection architecture. Cu NW networks are semi-embedded into a PVDF film to stabilize junctions, followed by liquid-phase self-assembly growth of an ultrathin Sb2O3 layer on the exposed surface. The resulting Cu NWs/PVDF@Sb2O3 electrodes retain high transparency and low resistance, with negligible optoelectronic penalty and slightly reduced sheet resistance, possibly due to improved interfacial contact. They show minimal resistance drift under 85 °C/85% RH aging, elevated temperatures, and 1% H2O2/NaCl exposure, and endure severe bending (at a spacer-defined inner bending radius of ~ 2.5 μm) over 3000 cycles. The sensor exhibits linear thermoresistive response from 0 to 130 °C with an optimized TCR of ~ 0.0032 °C−1 and excellent cycling stability.