Cl-doped graphene oxide–based PANI/MnO2 hybrid electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors
摘要
This study reports the development of an innovative ternary hybrid electrode material aimed at enhancing the performance of asymmetric supercapacitors, which are critical components of modern energy storage technologies. A PANI/MnO2/Cl-GO (PMGO) composite was fabricated by combining manganese oxide (MnO2), chlorine-doped graphene oxide (Cl-GO), and polyaniline (PANI) in equal mass proportions, leveraging the synergistic effects of each component. MnO2 provides high theoretical capacitance and cost-effectiveness, Cl-GO contributes a highly conductive and stable framework with a large surface area, and PANI imparts pseudocapacitive behavior and improved electrical conductivity. The composite was synthesized using a combination of chemical and electrochemical methods to achieve uniform dispersion and strong interfacial interactions. Structural and morphological characterizations, including FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, BET, XRD, and Raman analyses, confirmed the successful formation of the hybrid structure. Electrochemical evaluations were conducted using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated with a device footprint of 2 cm2 and a high active mass loading of 3.8 mg cm−2. Electrochemical tests revealed that the device showed excellent cycling stability, retaining 89.7% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles and delivers a specific capacitance of 50.52 F g−1 and an areal capacitance of 196 mF cm−2. Most notably, the device achieved an exceptional energy density of 55.01 Wh kg−1 (63.2 µWh cm−2 areal energy density) and a power density of 707.22 W kg−1 (65,900 µW cm−2 areal power density), demonstrating that the PANI/MnO2/Cl-GO architecture maintains superior energy storage capability even under high mass loading conditions typically required for practical applications.