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<p>A pyrochlore-type ceramic Zn<sub>2</sub>Bi<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>14</sub> (ZBS) was synthesized via the sol–gel method. The refined crystal structure of the pyrochlore phase was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the uniform distribution of Zn, Bi, and Sb elements in the as-prepared material. Optical properties were characterized by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the optical band gap of the pyrochlore was measured to be approximately 3.14&#xa0;eV, consistent with its intrinsic material properties. XPS results verify that mixed-valence Sb generate charge compensation and tailor the electrical properties of the ceramic. The current–voltage (<i>I</i>–<i>V</i>) measurement of the ZBS-4 ceramic yielded a nonlinear coefficient of 17.1 and a leakage current density of 7.6 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed a pronounced frequency relaxation behavior in the low-frequency region. Complex impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the grain-boundary resistance (<i>R</i><sub>gb</sub>) decreased from 8.5 to 0.7 M<i>Ω</i> in the temperature range of 200–320&#xa0;°C. The remarkable reduction in resistance is attributed to the mixed-valence states of Sb in the pyrochlore lattice, which provide thermally activated localized transition pathways for electrons.</p>

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Novel Zn2Bi3Sb3O14 pyrochlore ceramics: comprehensive analysis of structure varistor dielectric properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Heng Ma,
  • Jun-Wen Ma,
  • Yong Chen,
  • Mao-Hua Wang

摘要

A pyrochlore-type ceramic Zn2Bi3Sb3O14 (ZBS) was synthesized via the sol–gel method. The refined crystal structure of the pyrochlore phase was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the uniform distribution of Zn, Bi, and Sb elements in the as-prepared material. Optical properties were characterized by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the optical band gap of the pyrochlore was measured to be approximately 3.14 eV, consistent with its intrinsic material properties. XPS results verify that mixed-valence Sb generate charge compensation and tailor the electrical properties of the ceramic. The current–voltage (I–V) measurement of the ZBS-4 ceramic yielded a nonlinear coefficient of 17.1 and a leakage current density of 7.6 μA cm−2. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed a pronounced frequency relaxation behavior in the low-frequency region. Complex impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the grain-boundary resistance (Rgb) decreased from 8.5 to 0.7 MΩ in the temperature range of 200–320 °C. The remarkable reduction in resistance is attributed to the mixed-valence states of Sb in the pyrochlore lattice, which provide thermally activated localized transition pathways for electrons.