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<p>Titanium carbonitride (TiCN) was investigated as an alternative radiating material for microstrip patch antenna applications through electromagnetic characterization, numerical simulation, and experimental evaluation. The electromagnetic properties of TiCN were determined from measured scattering parameters using the Nicholson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method and subsequently used to calculate the electrical conductivity for antenna modeling. The extracted material properties were incorporated into COMSOL multiphysics to design a TiCN-based microstrip patch antenna operating at 5.25&#xa0;GHz, followed by fabrication using a screen-printing technique. The fabricated antenna achieved a return loss of -15.8875&#xa0;dB, a bandwidth of 334.3&#xa0;MHz, and a VSWR of 1.38, while the simulated antenna produced a return loss of − 12.3235&#xa0;dB, a bandwidth of 143.5&#xa0;MHz, and a VSWR of 1.64 at the same resonant frequency. The simulated antenna also achieved a maximum gain of 7.35 dBi with a radiation efficiency of 81.6%. When compared with an equivalent conventional copper patch antenna, the TiCN antenna demonstrated comparable impedance matching, wider operating bandwidth after fabrication, and stable radiation characteristics despite its lower electrical conductivity. These findings demonstrate that the measured electromagnetic properties of TiCN can be successfully applied for antenna design and support its potential as an alternative radiating material for microwave antenna applications requiring good performance and improved material durability.</p>

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Investigation of titanium carbonitride (TiCN) for microstrip patch antenna applications through electromagnetic characterization and experimental evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • N. I. Z. Azman,
  • G. Hegde,
  • K. Y. You,
  • M. A. Jusoh

摘要

Titanium carbonitride (TiCN) was investigated as an alternative radiating material for microstrip patch antenna applications through electromagnetic characterization, numerical simulation, and experimental evaluation. The electromagnetic properties of TiCN were determined from measured scattering parameters using the Nicholson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method and subsequently used to calculate the electrical conductivity for antenna modeling. The extracted material properties were incorporated into COMSOL multiphysics to design a TiCN-based microstrip patch antenna operating at 5.25 GHz, followed by fabrication using a screen-printing technique. The fabricated antenna achieved a return loss of -15.8875 dB, a bandwidth of 334.3 MHz, and a VSWR of 1.38, while the simulated antenna produced a return loss of − 12.3235 dB, a bandwidth of 143.5 MHz, and a VSWR of 1.64 at the same resonant frequency. The simulated antenna also achieved a maximum gain of 7.35 dBi with a radiation efficiency of 81.6%. When compared with an equivalent conventional copper patch antenna, the TiCN antenna demonstrated comparable impedance matching, wider operating bandwidth after fabrication, and stable radiation characteristics despite its lower electrical conductivity. These findings demonstrate that the measured electromagnetic properties of TiCN can be successfully applied for antenna design and support its potential as an alternative radiating material for microwave antenna applications requiring good performance and improved material durability.