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<p>This study investigates the potential of natural dye extracted from wood apple (<i>Aegle marmelos</i>) fruit as a photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes were extracted using deionized water and isopropyl alcohol, and their chemical compositions were analysed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results confirmed the presence of coumarin-type compounds with strong optical absorption characteristics. UV-Vis analysis revealed two prominent absorption bands, with derivative analysis indicating a lowest optical transition energy of approximately 3.55&#xa0;eV, suggesting suitability for DSSC applications. The water-extracted dye exhibited higher conductivity and stronger absorption intensity compared to the alcohol-extracted dye, suggesting a higher concentration of active pigment species. The fabricated DSSC demonstrated measurable performance under tungsten illumination. However, a gradual decrease in short-circuit current (I<sub>SC</sub>) and open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) was observed under continuous illumination, attributed to dye degradation, aggregation effects and electrolyte limitations. These findings highlight the potential of wood apple fruit dye as a low-cost, naturally abundant, and environmentally friendly photosensitizer.</p>

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Development and characterization of natural coumarin from wood apple fruit as photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Samah Alhorani,
  • Sarvesh Kumar,
  • Palvit Rudram

摘要

This study investigates the potential of natural dye extracted from wood apple (Aegle marmelos) fruit as a photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes were extracted using deionized water and isopropyl alcohol, and their chemical compositions were analysed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results confirmed the presence of coumarin-type compounds with strong optical absorption characteristics. UV-Vis analysis revealed two prominent absorption bands, with derivative analysis indicating a lowest optical transition energy of approximately 3.55 eV, suggesting suitability for DSSC applications. The water-extracted dye exhibited higher conductivity and stronger absorption intensity compared to the alcohol-extracted dye, suggesting a higher concentration of active pigment species. The fabricated DSSC demonstrated measurable performance under tungsten illumination. However, a gradual decrease in short-circuit current (ISC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) was observed under continuous illumination, attributed to dye degradation, aggregation effects and electrolyte limitations. These findings highlight the potential of wood apple fruit dye as a low-cost, naturally abundant, and environmentally friendly photosensitizer.