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<p>This study developed sustainable hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with silane-treated <i>Sesbania grandifolia</i> pod husk microfibers and horsetail stem waste-derived biocarbon for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Composites were fabricated by the hand lay-up method using a constant microfiber content and varying biocarbon loadings. The influence of biocarbon incorporation on EMI shielding, dielectric, thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics was investigated. Increasing biocarbon content enhanced dielectric behavior and EMI attenuation due to improved interfacial polarization and the formation of conductive pathways within the composite. The composite containing the highest biocarbon loading (E4) exhibited the best EMI shielding performance in the J-band, achieving absorption shielding effectiveness of 24.76&#xa0;dB, reflection shielding effectiveness of 7.14&#xa0;dB, and total shielding effectiveness of 31.90&#xa0;dB, indicating effective attenuation of electromagnetic radiation. E4 also showed the highest dielectric constant (7.24) and thermal conductivity (0.46 W/m·K). Mechanical testing revealed improved strength and toughness, with the E3 composite demonstrating optimum tensile strength (116&#xa0;MPa), flexural strength (161&#xa0;MPa), and impact strength (5.94&#xa0;kJ/m<sup>2</sup>). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced fiber–matrix adhesion resulting from silane treatment and uniform filler dispersion. The results demonstrate that the developed bio-based hybrid composites offer an environmentally friendly and lightweight solution for EMI shielding applications in aerospace, electronics, and related sectors.</p>

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Valorization of Sesbania grandifolia pod husk microfiber and horsetail stem waste biocarbon reinforced hybrid epoxy composite for EMI shielding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • N. Suresh,
  • M. C. Shanker,
  • S. Arumugam,
  • S. Kishore Verma

摘要

This study developed sustainable hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with silane-treated Sesbania grandifolia pod husk microfibers and horsetail stem waste-derived biocarbon for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Composites were fabricated by the hand lay-up method using a constant microfiber content and varying biocarbon loadings. The influence of biocarbon incorporation on EMI shielding, dielectric, thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics was investigated. Increasing biocarbon content enhanced dielectric behavior and EMI attenuation due to improved interfacial polarization and the formation of conductive pathways within the composite. The composite containing the highest biocarbon loading (E4) exhibited the best EMI shielding performance in the J-band, achieving absorption shielding effectiveness of 24.76 dB, reflection shielding effectiveness of 7.14 dB, and total shielding effectiveness of 31.90 dB, indicating effective attenuation of electromagnetic radiation. E4 also showed the highest dielectric constant (7.24) and thermal conductivity (0.46 W/m·K). Mechanical testing revealed improved strength and toughness, with the E3 composite demonstrating optimum tensile strength (116 MPa), flexural strength (161 MPa), and impact strength (5.94 kJ/m2). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced fiber–matrix adhesion resulting from silane treatment and uniform filler dispersion. The results demonstrate that the developed bio-based hybrid composites offer an environmentally friendly and lightweight solution for EMI shielding applications in aerospace, electronics, and related sectors.