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<p>Copper nanoparticles, as representative copper-based nanomaterials, exhibit high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and excellent plasticity, showing great potential in electronics, catalysis, and energy. However, their practical applications are hindered by challenges in scalable synthesis and oxidation susceptibility. This review provides a systematic examination of preparation techniques, strategies for enhancing oxidation resistance, and recent application advancements. We analyze the principles, advantages, and limitations of mainstream synthesis methods, with emphasis on liquid-phase reduction and the critical roles of precursors, reducing agents, and protective agents. Furthermore, we discuss oxidation mechanisms based on Mott‑Cabrera theory and evaluate various surface modification strategies for improving long‑term stability. Finally, application prospects and development trends in strategic fields such as electronic packaging, energy catalysis, and biomedicine are outlined. Future research should prioritize environmentally friendly synthesis, smart coatings balancing long‑term anti‑oxidation with easy removability, and expansion into emerging applications.</p>

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Micro-nano copper particles: synthesis, properties, and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Yubo Liu,
  • Juhong Xu,
  • Heng Luo,
  • Rumin Liu,
  • Hongliang Zhang,
  • Ping Liu,
  • Yaqin Liao,
  • Tianyong Gao,
  • Jianguo Lu

摘要

Copper nanoparticles, as representative copper-based nanomaterials, exhibit high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and excellent plasticity, showing great potential in electronics, catalysis, and energy. However, their practical applications are hindered by challenges in scalable synthesis and oxidation susceptibility. This review provides a systematic examination of preparation techniques, strategies for enhancing oxidation resistance, and recent application advancements. We analyze the principles, advantages, and limitations of mainstream synthesis methods, with emphasis on liquid-phase reduction and the critical roles of precursors, reducing agents, and protective agents. Furthermore, we discuss oxidation mechanisms based on Mott‑Cabrera theory and evaluate various surface modification strategies for improving long‑term stability. Finally, application prospects and development trends in strategic fields such as electronic packaging, energy catalysis, and biomedicine are outlined. Future research should prioritize environmentally friendly synthesis, smart coatings balancing long‑term anti‑oxidation with easy removability, and expansion into emerging applications.