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<p>A cost-effective spray pyrolysis method was used to synthesize ZnO thin films, both undoped and palladium-doped, on glass substrates at 350&#xa0;°C. The Pd precursor concentrations were systematically changed (1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2 wt%). This work examines the effects of Pd incorporation on the structural, optical, morphological, and magnetic characteristics of ZnO thin films, with a focus on their potential for spintronic applications. The formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO with a prominent (002) c-axis orientation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and the lattice contraction associated with Pd substitution was identified by the advanced peak shift toward higher angles. With an estimated crystallite size of about 50 nm, the 1.5 wt% Pd: ZnO film had the best crystallinity among the concentrations under investigation. SEM and EDX studies exhibited spherical morphology and substantiated the elemental composition (Zn, O, Pd), demonstrating structural and compositional uniformity. UV characteristics exhibited narrowing of the bandgap from 3.16 eV in undoped ZnO to 2.91 eV in the 1.5 wt% Pd: ZnO film, ascribed to bandgap renormalization. This was associated with a decrease in Urbach energy (0.2058 eV), implying enhanced structural order. FTIR results showed Zn–O stretching vibrations with peak shifts attributable to Pd incorporation. Photoluminescence investigation revealed both near-band edge and deep-level emissions, with a noticeable quenching of intensity subsequent to doping. Based on these structural and optical enhancements, the 1.5 wt% Pd: ZnO film was chosen for magnetic characterization. VSM assessments authenticated intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetism in both undoped and optimally doped thin films, emphasizing their potential for spintronic device applications.</p>

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Tuning the structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of undoped and noble metal-doped ZnO thin films fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis approach for spintronics applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • P. Vidhya,
  • E. Ashlyn Kirupa

摘要

A cost-effective spray pyrolysis method was used to synthesize ZnO thin films, both undoped and palladium-doped, on glass substrates at 350 °C. The Pd precursor concentrations were systematically changed (1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2 wt%). This work examines the effects of Pd incorporation on the structural, optical, morphological, and magnetic characteristics of ZnO thin films, with a focus on their potential for spintronic applications. The formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO with a prominent (002) c-axis orientation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and the lattice contraction associated with Pd substitution was identified by the advanced peak shift toward higher angles. With an estimated crystallite size of about 50 nm, the 1.5 wt% Pd: ZnO film had the best crystallinity among the concentrations under investigation. SEM and EDX studies exhibited spherical morphology and substantiated the elemental composition (Zn, O, Pd), demonstrating structural and compositional uniformity. UV characteristics exhibited narrowing of the bandgap from 3.16 eV in undoped ZnO to 2.91 eV in the 1.5 wt% Pd: ZnO film, ascribed to bandgap renormalization. This was associated with a decrease in Urbach energy (0.2058 eV), implying enhanced structural order. FTIR results showed Zn–O stretching vibrations with peak shifts attributable to Pd incorporation. Photoluminescence investigation revealed both near-band edge and deep-level emissions, with a noticeable quenching of intensity subsequent to doping. Based on these structural and optical enhancements, the 1.5 wt% Pd: ZnO film was chosen for magnetic characterization. VSM assessments authenticated intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetism in both undoped and optimally doped thin films, emphasizing their potential for spintronic device applications.