<p>Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based nanocomposites have attracted significant attention due to their tunable physicochemical properties for advanced optoelectronic and energy-related applications. In this work, hybrid graphene–barium oxide (G–BaO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel auto-combustion method and incorporated into a PVC matrix at different loadings (0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 wt%) using a solution casting technique. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of PVC and the crystalline structure of G–BaO nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of ~ 35 nm. The crystallite size of G–BaO NPs is 35.23 nm. Contact angle values dropped from 71.4° for PVC to 66.4° for 5wt% G–BaO/PVC. Optical studies revealed a progressive red shift in the absorption edge and a reduction in the optical bandgap from 4.86 to 4.38 eV with increasing G–BaO content, attributed to the formation of localized electronic states and enhanced interfacial interactions. The Urbach energy increased, indicating a higher degree of structural disorder The produced nanocomposites’ dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity were tested at various temperatures (293–413 K) and frequencies (100 Hz–1 MHz). Dielectric dispersion caused the dielectric constant ε′ to decrease as frequency increased. Conversely, raising the temperature and G–BaO proportion in the PVC matrix both enhanced the dielectric constant. An increase in the concentration of G–BaO NP was shown to improve AC conductivity. This improvement was brought about by the doped materials’ increased mobility and concentrations of charge carriers. Conductivity relaxation is evident from the relaxation peaks in M”. The frequency-dependent nature of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\sigma}_{ac}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ac</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> was seen to follow Jonscher’s power law. Furthermore, the maximum barrier W<sub>m</sub> value was found to be 0.79 eV and decreased to 0.43 as the G–BaO NPs doping content increased. This study’s innovation is the addition of G–BaO nanoparticles to a PVC polymeric matrix, which allows for the simultaneous improvement of optical response, ionic conductivity, and dielectric behavior. The changes caused by G–BaO in the electrical structure and intermolecular interactions within the polymer matrix are thought to be responsible for the observed positive effects. This study shed light on modifying the properties of these nanocomposites using fillers and polymers to enhance their qualities for various applications.</p>

Tailoring structural, optical and electrical physical properties of PVC using G–BaO nanoparticles: a strategy for enhanced industrial functionality

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年7月28日

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M. M. Seada,
Doaa Abdelhameed,
Norah Aldosari,
M. I. Mohammed

摘要

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based nanocomposites have attracted significant attention due to their tunable physicochemical properties for advanced optoelectronic and energy-related applications. In this work, hybrid graphene–barium oxide (G–BaO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel auto-combustion method and incorporated into a PVC matrix at different loadings (0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 wt%) using a solution casting technique. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of PVC and the crystalline structure of G–BaO nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of ~ 35 nm. The crystallite size of G–BaO NPs is 35.23 nm. Contact angle values dropped from 71.4° for PVC to 66.4° for 5wt% G–BaO/PVC. Optical studies revealed a progressive red shift in the absorption edge and a reduction in the optical bandgap from 4.86 to 4.38 eV with increasing G–BaO content, attributed to the formation of localized electronic states and enhanced interfacial interactions. The Urbach energy increased, indicating a higher degree of structural disorder The produced nanocomposites’ dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity were tested at various temperatures (293–413 K) and frequencies (100 Hz–1 MHz). Dielectric dispersion caused the dielectric constant ε′ to decrease as frequency increased. Conversely, raising the temperature and G–BaO proportion in the PVC matrix both enhanced the dielectric constant. An increase in the concentration of G–BaO NP was shown to improve AC conductivity. This improvement was brought about by the doped materials’ increased mobility and concentrations of charge carriers. Conductivity relaxation is evident from the relaxation peaks in M”. The frequency-dependent nature of ${\sigma}_{ac}$ $σ_{ac}$ was seen to follow Jonscher’s power law. Furthermore, the maximum barrier W_m value was found to be 0.79 eV and decreased to 0.43 as the G–BaO NPs doping content increased. This study’s innovation is the addition of G–BaO nanoparticles to a PVC polymeric matrix, which allows for the simultaneous improvement of optical response, ionic conductivity, and dielectric behavior. The changes caused by G–BaO in the electrical structure and intermolecular interactions within the polymer matrix are thought to be responsible for the observed positive effects. This study shed light on modifying the properties of these nanocomposites using fillers and polymers to enhance their qualities for various applications.