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<p>The alternating-current (AC) electrical properties of stranded metal wires (for electrical connections) have received inadequate attention. The uninsulated strands studied are tin-coated copper (0.08-mm diameter), with the number of strands <i>N</i> ranging from 252 to 5000. The wire’s inductance is found to stem from the strand-strand electrical contacts. The effective single-strand inductance, as calculated from the measured stranded wire inductance by assuming that the strands are inductors in parallel, reaches 6.3 mH/m, compared to the measured single-strand inductance of 2.0 µH/m. The effective-to-measured single-strand inductance ratio (≤ 4300) increases linearly with <i>N</i>. The strand-strand contacts (contact points which enable current path tortuosity) govern the inductance, with the individual strands contributing negligibly. Both inductance and resistance of a stranded wire decrease with increasing <i>N</i>, due to partial compliance with the parallel model of inductors or resistors. By modeling an uninsulated stranded wire as a single unit, the effective number of turns in the corresponding inductor coil decreases with increasing <i>N</i>, and ranges from 43 to 280. As <i>N</i> increases, the fractional decrease in inductance is much below that in resistance, because the strand-strand contacts cause the inductance to deviate positively from the inductors-in-parallel model, whereas the resistance complies with the parallel model of resistors. At inter-electrode distance 220&#xa0;mm, the single strand’s internal structure contributes to 9% of the measured single-strand inductance. Comparison with Litz wires (with the strands insulated) with similar <i>N</i>, the inductance is higher, due to the greater degree of strand-strand contacts, while the resistance is essentially the same.</p>

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Alternating-current electrical properties of stranded metal wire, with the wire inductance stemming from the contacts among the strands

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • D. D. L. Chung,
  • Sumon Sarkar,
  • S. S. Krishnaswamy Narayanan,
  • Yash Kotkar

摘要

The alternating-current (AC) electrical properties of stranded metal wires (for electrical connections) have received inadequate attention. The uninsulated strands studied are tin-coated copper (0.08-mm diameter), with the number of strands N ranging from 252 to 5000. The wire’s inductance is found to stem from the strand-strand electrical contacts. The effective single-strand inductance, as calculated from the measured stranded wire inductance by assuming that the strands are inductors in parallel, reaches 6.3 mH/m, compared to the measured single-strand inductance of 2.0 µH/m. The effective-to-measured single-strand inductance ratio (≤ 4300) increases linearly with N. The strand-strand contacts (contact points which enable current path tortuosity) govern the inductance, with the individual strands contributing negligibly. Both inductance and resistance of a stranded wire decrease with increasing N, due to partial compliance with the parallel model of inductors or resistors. By modeling an uninsulated stranded wire as a single unit, the effective number of turns in the corresponding inductor coil decreases with increasing N, and ranges from 43 to 280. As N increases, the fractional decrease in inductance is much below that in resistance, because the strand-strand contacts cause the inductance to deviate positively from the inductors-in-parallel model, whereas the resistance complies with the parallel model of resistors. At inter-electrode distance 220 mm, the single strand’s internal structure contributes to 9% of the measured single-strand inductance. Comparison with Litz wires (with the strands insulated) with similar N, the inductance is higher, due to the greater degree of strand-strand contacts, while the resistance is essentially the same.