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<p>Real-time detection of hazardous gases, including toxic inorganic gases such as ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is essential for environmental safety and industrial monitoring. In this study, a molybdenum disulfide–zinc oxide (MoS<sub>2</sub>–ZnO) heterostructure was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and integrated onto a clad-modified multimode optical fiber to develop a room-temperature fiber optic gas sensor. Structural and morphological analyses indicated the coexistence of ZnO nanorods and layered MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets, while spectroscopic studies indicated strong interfacial interaction and enhanced optical absorption in the composite. The MoS<sub>2</sub>–ZnO heterostructure exhibited a reduced bandgap (~ 2.08&#xa0;eV), promoting efficient light–matter interaction and improved sensing performance. The fabricated sensor demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 52.83% (relative optical intensity change) to NH<sub>3</sub> at room temperature, significantly higher than that of sensors based on pristine ZnO or MoS<sub>2</sub>. The device also exhibited good selectivity toward ammonia over ethanol and acetone, with a low limit of detection of 1.16&#xa0;ppm, rapid response and recovery times of 12&#xa0;s and 24&#xa0;s, respectively, and stable repeatability over multiple cycles and prolonged storage (80&#xa0;days). These results indicate that MoS<sub>2</sub>–ZnO heterostructure-coated fiber sensors are promising candidates for optical ammonia sensing and may serve as a potential platform for future development of optical gas sensing technologies.</p>

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Development of fiber optic sensor using MoS2–ZnO heterostructure for highly selective NH3 sensing at room temperature

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Nibu B. Thomas,
  • Lekshmi P. Kumar,
  • Jiya James,
  • A. C. Saritha,
  • S. Narasimman,
  • P. Manivannan,
  • Zachariah C. Alex,
  • Nibu A. George

摘要

Real-time detection of hazardous gases, including toxic inorganic gases such as ammonia (NH3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is essential for environmental safety and industrial monitoring. In this study, a molybdenum disulfide–zinc oxide (MoS2–ZnO) heterostructure was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and integrated onto a clad-modified multimode optical fiber to develop a room-temperature fiber optic gas sensor. Structural and morphological analyses indicated the coexistence of ZnO nanorods and layered MoS2 nanosheets, while spectroscopic studies indicated strong interfacial interaction and enhanced optical absorption in the composite. The MoS2–ZnO heterostructure exhibited a reduced bandgap (~ 2.08 eV), promoting efficient light–matter interaction and improved sensing performance. The fabricated sensor demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 52.83% (relative optical intensity change) to NH3 at room temperature, significantly higher than that of sensors based on pristine ZnO or MoS2. The device also exhibited good selectivity toward ammonia over ethanol and acetone, with a low limit of detection of 1.16 ppm, rapid response and recovery times of 12 s and 24 s, respectively, and stable repeatability over multiple cycles and prolonged storage (80 days). These results indicate that MoS2–ZnO heterostructure-coated fiber sensors are promising candidates for optical ammonia sensing and may serve as a potential platform for future development of optical gas sensing technologies.