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<p>Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted significant attention as cost-effective photovoltaic devices due to their simple fabrication process and efficient light-harvesting capability. Among various photoanode materials, Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) is widely employed for its excellent chemical stability and electron transport properties, whereas cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) offers strong visible-light absorption but suffers from rapid charge recombination and poor electronic mobility. In this study, a Cu<sub>2</sub>O–TiO<sub>2</sub> composite photoanode was developed to overcome the limitations of individual metal oxides and to enhance the photovoltaic performance of N3 dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O), Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), and Cu<sub>2</sub>O–TiO<sub>2</sub> composite materials were synthesized through chemical precipitation and reduction methods, followed by fabrication of photoanode thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful formation of phase-pure cuprous oxide anatase Titanium dioxide, and a well-integrated heterostructured composite without secondary impurity phases. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Visible), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies further verified effective interfacial coupling, uniform elemental distribution, and modified optical absorption behavior in the composite system. The photovoltaic performance of the fabricated DSSCs was evaluated under AM 1.5 illumination (100&#xa0;mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). The Cu<sub>2</sub>O–TiO<sub>2</sub> composite photoanode exhibited the highest short-circuit current density (2.995&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.705%, compared to pure cuprous oxide (0.062%) and Titanium dioxide (0.651%). The enhanced performance is attributed to improved charge separation, reduced recombination losses, and efficient electron transport at the Cu<sub>2</sub>O–TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction interface.</p>

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Synergistic enhancement of DSSC efficiency using N3 dye on Cu2O–TiO2 composite photoanodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月28日

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  • Pranali A. Ghule,
  • Sunanda H. Pisal,
  • Ravindra U. Mene,
  • Nitin S. Choudhari,
  • Almas M. Mujawar,
  • Pooja B. More

摘要

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted significant attention as cost-effective photovoltaic devices due to their simple fabrication process and efficient light-harvesting capability. Among various photoanode materials, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely employed for its excellent chemical stability and electron transport properties, whereas cuprous oxide (Cu2O) offers strong visible-light absorption but suffers from rapid charge recombination and poor electronic mobility. In this study, a Cu2O–TiO2 composite photoanode was developed to overcome the limitations of individual metal oxides and to enhance the photovoltaic performance of N3 dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Cuprous oxide (Cu2O), Titanium dioxide (TiO2), and Cu2O–TiO2 composite materials were synthesized through chemical precipitation and reduction methods, followed by fabrication of photoanode thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful formation of phase-pure cuprous oxide anatase Titanium dioxide, and a well-integrated heterostructured composite without secondary impurity phases. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Visible), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies further verified effective interfacial coupling, uniform elemental distribution, and modified optical absorption behavior in the composite system. The photovoltaic performance of the fabricated DSSCs was evaluated under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2). The Cu2O–TiO2 composite photoanode exhibited the highest short-circuit current density (2.995 mA/cm2) and maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.705%, compared to pure cuprous oxide (0.062%) and Titanium dioxide (0.651%). The enhanced performance is attributed to improved charge separation, reduced recombination losses, and efficient electron transport at the Cu2O–TiO2 heterojunction interface.