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<p>The Dy<sup>3+</sup>-doped MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through a wet-chemical sol–gel method for investigating their structural and dielectric properties. The nanoparticles, with varying Dy<sup>3+</sup> concentrations (0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, and 1.8&#xa0;mol%) were sintered at 1100&#xa0;°C for 4&#xa0;h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a pure phase of spinel structure with successful Dy<sup>3+</sup> incorporation. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed spherical morphology and uniform Dy<sup>3+</sup> distribution. Impedance spectroscopy indicated a non-Debye relaxation behavior, with Nyquist plots revealing grain boundary and grain resistance contributions. Additionally, the dielectric permittivity reaches a maximum at 1.0&#xa0;mol% Dy<sup>3+</sup> due to enhanced dipolar polarization and reduced grain boundary resistance, indicating an optimal doping concentration for dielectric applications. Activation energy calculations also suggested optimal charge transport at 1.0&#xa0;mol% Dy<sup>3+</sup> doping. Complex modulus spectroscopy further supported these findings, showing distinct relaxation processes. These results highlight the potential of Dy<sup>3+</sup>-doped MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles for advanced dielectric applications.</p>

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Structural, impedance spectroscopic, and dielectric investigations of sol–gel synthesized Dy3⁺-doped MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Prabhpreet Kaur,
  • Novman Nabeel Ansari,
  • Sajid Naeem

摘要

The Dy3+-doped MgAl2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through a wet-chemical sol–gel method for investigating their structural and dielectric properties. The nanoparticles, with varying Dy3+ concentrations (0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, and 1.8 mol%) were sintered at 1100 °C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a pure phase of spinel structure with successful Dy3+ incorporation. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed spherical morphology and uniform Dy3+ distribution. Impedance spectroscopy indicated a non-Debye relaxation behavior, with Nyquist plots revealing grain boundary and grain resistance contributions. Additionally, the dielectric permittivity reaches a maximum at 1.0 mol% Dy3+ due to enhanced dipolar polarization and reduced grain boundary resistance, indicating an optimal doping concentration for dielectric applications. Activation energy calculations also suggested optimal charge transport at 1.0 mol% Dy3+ doping. Complex modulus spectroscopy further supported these findings, showing distinct relaxation processes. These results highlight the potential of Dy3+-doped MgAl2O4 nanoparticles for advanced dielectric applications.