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<p>In this study, NiO nanostructures were used for selective detection of metal ions on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based sensor platform. NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Sensor performance was evaluated using frequency shift (Δf), partition coefficient (K), and limit of detection (LoD) parameters. The results showed that Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions generated a significantly higher frequency response compared to other metal ions. The high K value indicates that Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions form strong interactions with the NiO surface and the sensor exhibits high selectivity towards these ions. Although the LoD value obtained for Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ was higher compared to other ions, the observed high frequency shifts and dominant adsorption behavior show that the sensor has a strong response towards Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions. pH studies have also shown that Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ adsorption reaches its maximum in the neutral pH range, and this behavior is attributed to complexation interactions with surface hydroxyl groups. Nevertheless, the NiO sensor exhibited good selectivity toward Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions under competitive conditions and maintained stable, reproducible performance over 8&#xa0;days, while FESEM analyses conducted after repeated testing confirmed the preservation of its structural integrity, highlighting its potential for Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ monitoring. Adsorption isotherm analyses revealed that the data were consistent with Langmuir and Temkin models, confirming that adsorption occurs via a monolayer and interaction-controlled mechanism. These findings demonstrate that NiO-based QCM sensors offer a simple, low-cost, and effective platform for the selective detection of Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions under competitive environmental conditions.</p>

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Highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu2⁺ ıons using NiO nanoparticle-modified QCM sensors: adsorption modeling study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Ayşe Nur Şahin

摘要

In this study, NiO nanostructures were used for selective detection of metal ions on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based sensor platform. NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Sensor performance was evaluated using frequency shift (Δf), partition coefficient (K), and limit of detection (LoD) parameters. The results showed that Cu2⁺ ions generated a significantly higher frequency response compared to other metal ions. The high K value indicates that Cu2⁺ ions form strong interactions with the NiO surface and the sensor exhibits high selectivity towards these ions. Although the LoD value obtained for Cu2⁺ was higher compared to other ions, the observed high frequency shifts and dominant adsorption behavior show that the sensor has a strong response towards Cu2⁺ ions. pH studies have also shown that Cu2⁺ adsorption reaches its maximum in the neutral pH range, and this behavior is attributed to complexation interactions with surface hydroxyl groups. Nevertheless, the NiO sensor exhibited good selectivity toward Cu2⁺ ions under competitive conditions and maintained stable, reproducible performance over 8 days, while FESEM analyses conducted after repeated testing confirmed the preservation of its structural integrity, highlighting its potential for Cu2⁺ monitoring. Adsorption isotherm analyses revealed that the data were consistent with Langmuir and Temkin models, confirming that adsorption occurs via a monolayer and interaction-controlled mechanism. These findings demonstrate that NiO-based QCM sensors offer a simple, low-cost, and effective platform for the selective detection of Cu2⁺ ions under competitive environmental conditions.