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<p>Holmium orthoferrite (HoFeO<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel method employing acetylacetone as a chelating agent to achieve controlled nucleation and growth. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a pure orthorhombic perovskite phase (space group Pnma) with an average crystallite size of ~ 40&#xa0;nm and lattice parameters <i>a</i> = 5.265&#xa0;Å, <i>b</i> = 7.435&#xa0;Å, and <i>c</i> = 5.240&#xa0;Å. The refined Fe–O bond length (1.98&#xa0;Å) and Fe–O–Fe bond angle (147.2°) indicated significant octahedral tilting and structural features of HoFeO<sub>3</sub> derived from Rietveld refinement. Surface morphology examined via FESEM revealed nearly spherical nanoparticles with uniform distribution and a porous texture, contributing to a specific surface area of 38.6&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g as measured by BET analysis. Optical studies determined a direct band gap of 2.1&#xa0;eV, facilitating efficient visible-light absorption. Photoluminescence measurements exhibited strong green and red emissions attributable to Ho<sup>3+</sup> electronic transitions, highlighting the material’s potential in optoelectronic applications. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated through the degradation of methyl orange dye under visible light, achieving a rate constant of 0.0607&#xa0;min⁻<sup>1</sup> and an initial 36% adsorption of dye on the catalyst surface. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Ho<sup>3+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> oxidation states and revealed surface oxygen species contributing to catalytic activity.</p>

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Investigation of structural and optoelectronic properties of HoFeO3 nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • B. Simhachalam,
  • D. Sanjeev Kumar,
  • P. Suresh Patnaik,
  • M. Ramanaiah

摘要

Holmium orthoferrite (HoFeO3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel method employing acetylacetone as a chelating agent to achieve controlled nucleation and growth. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a pure orthorhombic perovskite phase (space group Pnma) with an average crystallite size of ~ 40 nm and lattice parameters a = 5.265 Å, b = 7.435 Å, and c = 5.240 Å. The refined Fe–O bond length (1.98 Å) and Fe–O–Fe bond angle (147.2°) indicated significant octahedral tilting and structural features of HoFeO3 derived from Rietveld refinement. Surface morphology examined via FESEM revealed nearly spherical nanoparticles with uniform distribution and a porous texture, contributing to a specific surface area of 38.6 m2/g as measured by BET analysis. Optical studies determined a direct band gap of 2.1 eV, facilitating efficient visible-light absorption. Photoluminescence measurements exhibited strong green and red emissions attributable to Ho3+ electronic transitions, highlighting the material’s potential in optoelectronic applications. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated through the degradation of methyl orange dye under visible light, achieving a rate constant of 0.0607 min⁻1 and an initial 36% adsorption of dye on the catalyst surface. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Ho3+ and Fe3+ oxidation states and revealed surface oxygen species contributing to catalytic activity.