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<p>The critical current tensile strain tolerance of (Bi,Pb)<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Oₓ (Bi-2223) composite superconductors is significantly enhanced through stainless steel lamination. However, accurately predicting their nonlinear mechanical behavior remains challenging due to the complex interplay of material elastoplasticity and thermal residual stresses. In this study, a thermo-elastoplastic model is developed that incorporates the elastoplastic constitutive behavior of both the Bi-2223 tape and the stainless steel reinforcement, along with the thermal residual strains induced by the soldering process. The model is validated through uniaxial tensile tests on a laminated tape with a 70&#xa0;µm stainless steel layer, showing excellent agreement with experimental stress–strain curves. Using the validated model, the mechanical performance is systematically investigated over a wide range of stainless steel thicknesses from 20 to 1100&#xa0;µm. Results reveal that increasing the reinforcement thickness from 20 to 100&#xa0;µm improves the equivalent Young’s modulus by approximately 59.98% and the yield strength by approximately 64.98%, whereas further thickening beyond 500&#xa0;µm yields only marginal gains, with properties converging to those of pure stainless steel. Residual stress analysis further shows that the Bi-2223 layer remains under compression, while the stainless steel layer is in tension due to thermal expansion mismatch, with the compressive stress peaking at the center of the superconducting layer. This work provides a validated modeling framework and quantitative insights for optimizing the mechanical design of high-performance laminated Bi-2223 superconducting tapes.</p>

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A thermo-elastoplastic model for laminated Bi-2223 superconducting tapes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Lang Jiang,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Wei Du,
  • Jing Liu,
  • Lirong Jia,
  • Liangjie Zhao,
  • Yi Lv,
  • Pingxiang Zhang

摘要

The critical current tensile strain tolerance of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oₓ (Bi-2223) composite superconductors is significantly enhanced through stainless steel lamination. However, accurately predicting their nonlinear mechanical behavior remains challenging due to the complex interplay of material elastoplasticity and thermal residual stresses. In this study, a thermo-elastoplastic model is developed that incorporates the elastoplastic constitutive behavior of both the Bi-2223 tape and the stainless steel reinforcement, along with the thermal residual strains induced by the soldering process. The model is validated through uniaxial tensile tests on a laminated tape with a 70 µm stainless steel layer, showing excellent agreement with experimental stress–strain curves. Using the validated model, the mechanical performance is systematically investigated over a wide range of stainless steel thicknesses from 20 to 1100 µm. Results reveal that increasing the reinforcement thickness from 20 to 100 µm improves the equivalent Young’s modulus by approximately 59.98% and the yield strength by approximately 64.98%, whereas further thickening beyond 500 µm yields only marginal gains, with properties converging to those of pure stainless steel. Residual stress analysis further shows that the Bi-2223 layer remains under compression, while the stainless steel layer is in tension due to thermal expansion mismatch, with the compressive stress peaking at the center of the superconducting layer. This work provides a validated modeling framework and quantitative insights for optimizing the mechanical design of high-performance laminated Bi-2223 superconducting tapes.