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<p>In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of Zn₁₋ₓ₋ᵧCoₓPdᵧO with [<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>] values of (0.00, 0.00), (0.03, 0.00), and (0.03, 0.03). ZnO doped and co-doped with Co<sup>2</sup>⁺ and Pd<sup>2</sup>⁺ was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method to explore the structural and magnetic effects of controlled doping, with particular emphasis on how Pd influences the spin dynamics and local environment of Co<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions under external mechanical pressure (686 ± 20&#xa0;MPa) applied using a hydraulic press. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the wurtzite structure of the samples and enabled the evaluation of lattice parameter variations due to dopant incorporation. The estimated microstrain increased under pressure, from 0.54(5) × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> to 2.22(6) × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> for the Co-doped sample, and from 0.47(2) × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> to 1.18(7) × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> for the Co–Pd codoped sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed pressure-induced agglomeration and a slight increase in particle size for the Co-doped samples, from 2.01(14) to 2.14(12)&#xa0;<i>μ</i>m, while a reduction was observed for the Co–Pd codoped samples. Raman spectroscopy identified vibrational modes consistent with non-axial lattice distortions in the basal plane. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra recorded at X-band showed clear modifications in line shape and intensity upon pressure application, indicating changes in the local crystal field and enhanced spin interactions. Overall, the results demonstrate that Co<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions act as local probes sensitive to both chemical doping and applied pressure, offering valuable insight into the interplay between structural distortions and spin dynamics under external stress.</p>

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Selective sensing of chemical and hydraulic pressure effects in Co/Pd codoped ZnO using Co2⁺

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • L. Zipa-Romero,
  • Kallyandra M. Silva,
  • Alexsandro Lins,
  • E. Padrón-Hernández,
  • Ramon R. Peña-Garcia,
  • M. Cabrera-Baez

摘要

In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of Zn₁₋ₓ₋ᵧCoₓPdᵧO with [x, y] values of (0.00, 0.00), (0.03, 0.00), and (0.03, 0.03). ZnO doped and co-doped with Co2⁺ and Pd2⁺ was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method to explore the structural and magnetic effects of controlled doping, with particular emphasis on how Pd influences the spin dynamics and local environment of Co2⁺ ions under external mechanical pressure (686 ± 20 MPa) applied using a hydraulic press. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the wurtzite structure of the samples and enabled the evaluation of lattice parameter variations due to dopant incorporation. The estimated microstrain increased under pressure, from 0.54(5) × 10⁻3 to 2.22(6) × 10⁻3 for the Co-doped sample, and from 0.47(2) × 10⁻3 to 1.18(7) × 10⁻3 for the Co–Pd codoped sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed pressure-induced agglomeration and a slight increase in particle size for the Co-doped samples, from 2.01(14) to 2.14(12) μm, while a reduction was observed for the Co–Pd codoped samples. Raman spectroscopy identified vibrational modes consistent with non-axial lattice distortions in the basal plane. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra recorded at X-band showed clear modifications in line shape and intensity upon pressure application, indicating changes in the local crystal field and enhanced spin interactions. Overall, the results demonstrate that Co2⁺ ions act as local probes sensitive to both chemical doping and applied pressure, offering valuable insight into the interplay between structural distortions and spin dynamics under external stress.