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<p>Pulsed fiber lasers are vital in modern telecommunications, remote sensing, biomedical imaging, and precision photonics, yet their progress is often hindered by the limitations of conventional saturable absorbers (SAs), including complex fabrication, poor thermal stability, and low damage thresholds. To overcome these challenges, we developed a compact Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) employing a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin-film SA prepared through pulsed laser deposition (PLD), a method that ensures high stoichiometric accuracy, uniformity, and durability. The ZnO film, with a thickness of 1&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>m, was integrated into EDFL cavities of varying lengths (0.5, 2.5, and 9&#xa0;m) and tested across a broad pump power range (25.08−380.16&#xa0;mW). The optimized 0.5&#xa0;m cavity exhibited remarkable performance, yielding a maximum repetition rate of 125.86&#xa0;kHz, the shortest pulse width of 1.93&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>s, pulse energy of 220&#xa0;nJ, an average output power of 0.16&#xa0;mW, and a signal-to-noise ratio of 56&#xa0;dB. Compared with previously reported oxide-based SAs, the PLD-grown ZnO absorber enabled higher repetition rates, shorter pulse widths, and stable Q-switching at reduced cavity lengths and moderate pump thresholds. These findings demonstrate the strong nonlinear optical response of ZnO films and establish PLD-grown ZnO as a robust and efficient SA, opening new avenues for compact, energy-efficient pulsed fiber lasers in high-speed communication, LIDAR, medical diagnostics, and advanced photonic systems.</p>

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Enhanced Q-switching and stability in erbium-doped fiber lasers using PLD-fabricated ZnO thin-film saturable absorbers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Shakeela Bibi,
  • Ahsan Irshad,
  • Summan Urooge,
  • Mehboob Alam,
  • Ashfaq Ahmed,
  • Rizwan Ahmad,
  • Abdul Jabbar

摘要

Pulsed fiber lasers are vital in modern telecommunications, remote sensing, biomedical imaging, and precision photonics, yet their progress is often hindered by the limitations of conventional saturable absorbers (SAs), including complex fabrication, poor thermal stability, and low damage thresholds. To overcome these challenges, we developed a compact Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) employing a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin-film SA prepared through pulsed laser deposition (PLD), a method that ensures high stoichiometric accuracy, uniformity, and durability. The ZnO film, with a thickness of 1  \(\mu\) μ m, was integrated into EDFL cavities of varying lengths (0.5, 2.5, and 9 m) and tested across a broad pump power range (25.08−380.16 mW). The optimized 0.5 m cavity exhibited remarkable performance, yielding a maximum repetition rate of 125.86 kHz, the shortest pulse width of 1.93  \(\mu\) μ s, pulse energy of 220 nJ, an average output power of 0.16 mW, and a signal-to-noise ratio of 56 dB. Compared with previously reported oxide-based SAs, the PLD-grown ZnO absorber enabled higher repetition rates, shorter pulse widths, and stable Q-switching at reduced cavity lengths and moderate pump thresholds. These findings demonstrate the strong nonlinear optical response of ZnO films and establish PLD-grown ZnO as a robust and efficient SA, opening new avenues for compact, energy-efficient pulsed fiber lasers in high-speed communication, LIDAR, medical diagnostics, and advanced photonic systems.