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<p>Present study explores&#xa0;the growth of nanoscale building blocks into hierarchical, petal-like structures of tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) thin films with&#xa0;the aid of a simple one-step solution-based chemical route. Controlled growth was performed on stainless steel substrates for varying durations (3, 4, and 5&#xa0;h) and the resulting nanostructures have been systematically characterized for their structural studies, morphological studies, and field emission (FE) properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of crystalline monoclinic WO<sub>3</sub> with predominant (110) orientation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed nanosheet-assembled flower-like morphologies, which have been found to deteriorate at prolonged deposition times due to overgrowth and aggregation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified the chemical composition and W<sup>6</sup>⁺ oxidation state. Among all specimens, the film deposited for 3&#xa0;h exhibited better FE performance, demonstrating a low turn-on field of 0.92&#xa0;V/µm and a maximum emission current density of 50.32 µA/cm<sup>2</sup> at 1.34&#xa0;V/µm, along with stable emission over 3&#xa0;h. The improved emission characteristics are attributed to the high surface area and sharp edge features of the hierarchical micro flowers. The low turn-on FE of WO<sub>3</sub> nanostructure indicates suitability of same in electron sources.</p>

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Hierarchical tungsten trioxide nano surface architecture: exploration of field emission studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Jayesh A. Patil,
  • T. Kedara Shivasharma,
  • Deepashri P. Ahirrao,
  • Raunak Tolani,
  • Umesh P. Gawai,
  • Dattatray Late,
  • Babasaheb R. Sankapal,
  • Padmakar G. Chavan

摘要

Present study explores the growth of nanoscale building blocks into hierarchical, petal-like structures of tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films with the aid of a simple one-step solution-based chemical route. Controlled growth was performed on stainless steel substrates for varying durations (3, 4, and 5 h) and the resulting nanostructures have been systematically characterized for their structural studies, morphological studies, and field emission (FE) properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of crystalline monoclinic WO3 with predominant (110) orientation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed nanosheet-assembled flower-like morphologies, which have been found to deteriorate at prolonged deposition times due to overgrowth and aggregation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified the chemical composition and W6⁺ oxidation state. Among all specimens, the film deposited for 3 h exhibited better FE performance, demonstrating a low turn-on field of 0.92 V/µm and a maximum emission current density of 50.32 µA/cm2 at 1.34 V/µm, along with stable emission over 3 h. The improved emission characteristics are attributed to the high surface area and sharp edge features of the hierarchical micro flowers. The low turn-on FE of WO3 nanostructure indicates suitability of same in electron sources.