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<p>Pure NiO, Sb:NiO, and F-Sb:NiO nanoparticles are created in this work using the sol–gel and vacuum annealing methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that doping reduced the size of the crystallites. Images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicate that doping altered the geometry of NiO. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed that the band gap energy was narrowed by doping. The as-prepared nanoparticles’ photocatalytic activity was investigated using methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). For RhB and MB, F-Sb:NiO showed strong photocatalytic activity, with degradation efficiencies of 88% and 78%, respectively. F-Sb:NiO electrodes demonstrated a specific capacitance of 894 F/g via galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) at a current density of 1 A/g. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a scan rate of 5&#xa0;mV/s, the F-Sb:NiO electrodes demonstrated a specific capacitance of 913 F/g. This highlights the exceptional electrochemical performance and wastewater treatment potential of F-Sb:NiO nanoparticles.</p>

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Enhanced electrochemical and photocatalytic performance of Sb and F co-doped NiO nanocrystals synthesized via sol–gel method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • K. Ambujam,
  • A. Sridevi,
  • N. Senthilkumar,
  • P. Tharcis

摘要

Pure NiO, Sb:NiO, and F-Sb:NiO nanoparticles are created in this work using the sol–gel and vacuum annealing methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that doping reduced the size of the crystallites. Images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicate that doping altered the geometry of NiO. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed that the band gap energy was narrowed by doping. The as-prepared nanoparticles’ photocatalytic activity was investigated using methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). For RhB and MB, F-Sb:NiO showed strong photocatalytic activity, with degradation efficiencies of 88% and 78%, respectively. F-Sb:NiO electrodes demonstrated a specific capacitance of 894 F/g via galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) at a current density of 1 A/g. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, the F-Sb:NiO electrodes demonstrated a specific capacitance of 913 F/g. This highlights the exceptional electrochemical performance and wastewater treatment potential of F-Sb:NiO nanoparticles.