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<p>Lead-free piezoelectric materials are highly sought after for next-generation electromechanical applications; however, KNN-based single crystals, despite their great potential, still face intrinsic challenges such as difficult crystal growth and limited tunability of properties. In this study, (1-<i>x</i>)(K, Na, Li)(Nb, Bi, Fe)O<sub>3</sub>-<i>x</i>BaCO<sub>3</sub> (abbreviated as KNLNBF-<i>x</i>Ba) single crystals were successfully grown using a seed-free solid-state crystal growth (SFSSCG) method. Systematic Ba doping was used to regulate crystal growth and enhance the electrical properties simultaneously. By inducing lattice modification and improving lattice compatibility, Ba doping (<i>x</i> = 0.009) facilitated the growth of high-quality single crystals with dimensions up to 20 × 18 × 2&#xa0;mm. More importantly, the optimized composition (<i>x</i> = 0.005) demonstrates an outstanding combination of electrical properties, including a high piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i><sub><i>33</i></sub> = 367 pC/N), a large-signal piezoelectric response (<i>d</i><sub><i>33</i></sub><sup><i>*</i></sup> = 793&#xa0;pm/V), a high remanent polarization (<i>P</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> = 36.1 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>), and a low dielectric loss (<i>tanδ</i> = 0.019). These findings indicate that the synergistic integration of controlled Ba doping and the SFSSCG method offers an effective strategy for designing high-performance KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric single crystals.</p>

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Large-sized (K, Na)NbO3-based piezoelectric single crystals doped with Ba2⁺ ions: seed-free solid-state growth, structure, and properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Wenqi Wei,
  • Minhong Jiang,
  • Shixuan Cao,
  • Yujiao Ouyang,
  • Zerong Chen,
  • Yiming Di,
  • Guanghui Rao

摘要

Lead-free piezoelectric materials are highly sought after for next-generation electromechanical applications; however, KNN-based single crystals, despite their great potential, still face intrinsic challenges such as difficult crystal growth and limited tunability of properties. In this study, (1-x)(K, Na, Li)(Nb, Bi, Fe)O3-xBaCO3 (abbreviated as KNLNBF-xBa) single crystals were successfully grown using a seed-free solid-state crystal growth (SFSSCG) method. Systematic Ba doping was used to regulate crystal growth and enhance the electrical properties simultaneously. By inducing lattice modification and improving lattice compatibility, Ba doping (x = 0.009) facilitated the growth of high-quality single crystals with dimensions up to 20 × 18 × 2 mm. More importantly, the optimized composition (x = 0.005) demonstrates an outstanding combination of electrical properties, including a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 367 pC/N), a large-signal piezoelectric response (d33* = 793 pm/V), a high remanent polarization (Pr = 36.1 μC/cm2), and a low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.019). These findings indicate that the synergistic integration of controlled Ba doping and the SFSSCG method offers an effective strategy for designing high-performance KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric single crystals.