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<p>Piezoelectric ceramics with large electrostrain (<i>S</i><sub>m</sub>) are crucial for actuators, however, the high driving electric field (<i>E</i><sub>d</sub>) required for giant <i>S</i><sub>m</sub> impedes application. Herein, a novel strategy of integrating asymmetric electrode design and pre-polarization is proposed to induce an enhanced built-in electric field (<i>E</i><sub>b</sub>), thereby mitigating the <i>S</i><sub>m</sub>–<i>E</i><sub>d</sub> trade-off under low driving field. The synergistic effect of&#xa0;pre- polarization and asymmetric electrodes yields highly asymmetric strain, an ultrahigh <i>d</i><sub>33</sub><sup>*</sup> of ~ 1000&#xa0;pm/V is realized in BiFeO<sub>3</sub>–BaTiO<sub>3</sub>(BF–BT) ceramics, which is more than 3 times higher than that of conventional BF–BT ceramicshad. Asymmetric strain primarily results from the interaction of the applied electric field with the pre-polarization induced <i>E</i><sub>b</sub>, and the difference in phase proportion between the two ends of the ceramic by the pre-polarization treatment and asymmetric electrodes. This study not only addresses the long-standing bottleneck of high <i>E</i><sub>d</sub> with low<i> d</i><sub>33</sub><sup>*</sup> in BF–BT ceramic, but also further enriches the design methodology for breaking the performance bottleneck of traditional piezoelectric ceramics in low-power application scenarios.</p>

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Ultrahigh d33* with asymmetric strain and low driving field via pre-polarization and asymmetric electrode in BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Jiupeng Yu,
  • Changrong Zhou,
  • Jun Chen,
  • Yuxin Nong,
  • Hao Yang,
  • Jinxin Fu,
  • Qingning Li,
  • Changlai Yuan,
  • Jiwen Xu,
  • Guanghui Rao

摘要

Piezoelectric ceramics with large electrostrain (Sm) are crucial for actuators, however, the high driving electric field (Ed) required for giant Sm impedes application. Herein, a novel strategy of integrating asymmetric electrode design and pre-polarization is proposed to induce an enhanced built-in electric field (Eb), thereby mitigating the Sm–Ed trade-off under low driving field. The synergistic effect of pre- polarization and asymmetric electrodes yields highly asymmetric strain, an ultrahigh d33* of ~ 1000 pm/V is realized in BiFeO3–BaTiO3(BF–BT) ceramics, which is more than 3 times higher than that of conventional BF–BT ceramicshad. Asymmetric strain primarily results from the interaction of the applied electric field with the pre-polarization induced Eb, and the difference in phase proportion between the two ends of the ceramic by the pre-polarization treatment and asymmetric electrodes. This study not only addresses the long-standing bottleneck of high Ed with low d33* in BF–BT ceramic, but also further enriches the design methodology for breaking the performance bottleneck of traditional piezoelectric ceramics in low-power application scenarios.