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<p>Cu<sub>2</sub>NiSnS<sub>4</sub> (CNTS) powder was successfully synthesized via a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal method. The influence of deposition time on their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics was comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses confirmed that extended hydrothermal deposition enhances crystallinity and phase purity, eliminating secondary phases. The optical band gap of the CNTS varied with deposition time, ranging from 1.26 to 1.96&#xa0;eV, reflecting changes in microstructural order and composition. Surface morphology and elemental analysis using SEM and EDX revealed that optimized stoichiometry was achieved at longer reaction durations, indicating that hydrothermal time critically affects uniformity and composition. Photoelectrical studies demonstrated that the CNTS powder prepared for 24&#xa0;h (CNTS-24) exhibited the highest photocurrent and electrical conductivity, signifying improved charge transport and light-harvesting efficiency. Overall, the results highlight that the hydrothermal reaction time is a key parameter governing the crystallinity, stoichiometry, and photoresponse behavior of CNTS, establishing 24&#xa0;h as the optimal duration for efficient solar cell applications.</p>

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Effect of hydrothermal deposition time on the structural, optical, and photoelectrical properties of Cu2NiSnS4 powder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Sonali Pingale,
  • Yogesh Hase,
  • Rahila Shaikh,
  • Sandesh Jadkar,
  • Rohidas Kale

摘要

Cu2NiSnS4 (CNTS) powder was successfully synthesized via a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal method. The influence of deposition time on their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics was comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses confirmed that extended hydrothermal deposition enhances crystallinity and phase purity, eliminating secondary phases. The optical band gap of the CNTS varied with deposition time, ranging from 1.26 to 1.96 eV, reflecting changes in microstructural order and composition. Surface morphology and elemental analysis using SEM and EDX revealed that optimized stoichiometry was achieved at longer reaction durations, indicating that hydrothermal time critically affects uniformity and composition. Photoelectrical studies demonstrated that the CNTS powder prepared for 24 h (CNTS-24) exhibited the highest photocurrent and electrical conductivity, signifying improved charge transport and light-harvesting efficiency. Overall, the results highlight that the hydrothermal reaction time is a key parameter governing the crystallinity, stoichiometry, and photoresponse behavior of CNTS, establishing 24 h as the optimal duration for efficient solar cell applications.