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<p>Dyes discharged from industrial units pose threats and dangers to both living organisms and the environment. Degradation of dyes to safe components is a benign approach to control or minimize their polluting effects. In this context, photocatalytic degradation by materials such as TiO<sub>2</sub> is a viable option because this process is driven by renewable solar energy. However, the photocatalysis suffers from relatively low efficiency due to limitations such as slow surface kinetics and higher recombination of charges. Herein, we demonstrate that glycerol treatment of TiO<sub>2</sub> offers dual advantages, namely morphological changes and metal-vacancy creation that lead to better efficiency for the dye degradation process. When 5% glycerol is used, the morphology transforms from particulate to nanoflakes, thereby leading to a significant improvement in the specific surface area from 3.7 to 7.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Further, ESR and XPS results confirm the creation of Ti vacancies, which may lead to defect states as well as spin polarization effects. Photodetection experiments confirm both the presence of defect states and longer recombination time of charge carriers in 5% glycerol-treated samples. Dye degradation experiment performed under a magnetic field shows an increase from 68 to 72% for pristine samples and glycerol-treated samples, respectively. This shows that the dye degradation process is influenced by both surface area enhancement and spin polarization induced reduction in recombination. Further, an increase in dye degradation efficiency in a magnetic field also indicates the probable influence of the Lorentz force in charge separation.</p>

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Sustainable dye degradation through magnetic field-enhanced photocatalysis using glycerol-engineered metal-vacancy TiO2 nanoflakes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月1日

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  • J. Shinidevatharsheni,
  • Subbiah Alwarappan,
  • Sanju Rani

摘要

Dyes discharged from industrial units pose threats and dangers to both living organisms and the environment. Degradation of dyes to safe components is a benign approach to control or minimize their polluting effects. In this context, photocatalytic degradation by materials such as TiO2 is a viable option because this process is driven by renewable solar energy. However, the photocatalysis suffers from relatively low efficiency due to limitations such as slow surface kinetics and higher recombination of charges. Herein, we demonstrate that glycerol treatment of TiO2 offers dual advantages, namely morphological changes and metal-vacancy creation that lead to better efficiency for the dye degradation process. When 5% glycerol is used, the morphology transforms from particulate to nanoflakes, thereby leading to a significant improvement in the specific surface area from 3.7 to 7.9 m2/g. Further, ESR and XPS results confirm the creation of Ti vacancies, which may lead to defect states as well as spin polarization effects. Photodetection experiments confirm both the presence of defect states and longer recombination time of charge carriers in 5% glycerol-treated samples. Dye degradation experiment performed under a magnetic field shows an increase from 68 to 72% for pristine samples and glycerol-treated samples, respectively. This shows that the dye degradation process is influenced by both surface area enhancement and spin polarization induced reduction in recombination. Further, an increase in dye degradation efficiency in a magnetic field also indicates the probable influence of the Lorentz force in charge separation.