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<p>Flower-like famatinite (Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub>) structures were synthesized via a solvothermal approach by different solvent systems, such as ethylene glycol and a binary mixture of ethylene glycol and distilled water. The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a capping agent enabled controlled particle growth, yielding well-defined flower-like structures that effectively prevented particle agglomeration. Flower-like structure obtained in both solvent systems at 180&#xa0;°C reaction temperature. Among the two solvent systems, the binary mixed system yielded a well-defined flower-like morphology. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra confirmed the formation of phase-pure famatinite with a tetragonal crystal structure and a characteristic Raman mode at 314&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>. The sample synthesized using the binary solvent exhibited enhanced crystallinity with a crystallite size of 19&#xa0;nm, a lower microstrain of 0.27 × 10<sup>–3</sup>, and a highly uniform flower-like morphology comprising petal-like structures radiating from a central core. Dynamic light scattering revealed a hydrodynamic particle size of approximately 150&#xa0;nm, and compositional analysis indicated near-ideal stoichiometry with a S/(Cu + Sb) ratio of 1.08. Optical studies showed broad absorption across the visible-NIR region, with the bandgap tunable from 0.90&#xa0;eV (ethylene glycol) to 0.80&#xa0;eV (binary solvent). The binary solvent sample also exhibited an Urbach energy of 537&#xa0;meV and a reduced charge transfer resistance of 24.60 kΩ, signifying improved crystallinity, reduced disorder and enhanced charge transport characteristics. The combined control of morphology, phase purity and optoelectronic properties through solvent mediated synthesis control established a simple and scalable route to high-quality Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub> absorber materials for thin-film photovoltaic applications.</p>

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Solvent-driven morphological evolution of flower-like Cu3SbS4 (Famatinite) structures for photovoltaic absorber materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • I. Prakash,
  • G. Steeve Shiny,
  • S. Dinakaran,
  • A. Leo Rajesh

摘要

Flower-like famatinite (Cu3SbS4) structures were synthesized via a solvothermal approach by different solvent systems, such as ethylene glycol and a binary mixture of ethylene glycol and distilled water. The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a capping agent enabled controlled particle growth, yielding well-defined flower-like structures that effectively prevented particle agglomeration. Flower-like structure obtained in both solvent systems at 180 °C reaction temperature. Among the two solvent systems, the binary mixed system yielded a well-defined flower-like morphology. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra confirmed the formation of phase-pure famatinite with a tetragonal crystal structure and a characteristic Raman mode at 314 cm⁻1. The sample synthesized using the binary solvent exhibited enhanced crystallinity with a crystallite size of 19 nm, a lower microstrain of 0.27 × 10–3, and a highly uniform flower-like morphology comprising petal-like structures radiating from a central core. Dynamic light scattering revealed a hydrodynamic particle size of approximately 150 nm, and compositional analysis indicated near-ideal stoichiometry with a S/(Cu + Sb) ratio of 1.08. Optical studies showed broad absorption across the visible-NIR region, with the bandgap tunable from 0.90 eV (ethylene glycol) to 0.80 eV (binary solvent). The binary solvent sample also exhibited an Urbach energy of 537 meV and a reduced charge transfer resistance of 24.60 kΩ, signifying improved crystallinity, reduced disorder and enhanced charge transport characteristics. The combined control of morphology, phase purity and optoelectronic properties through solvent mediated synthesis control established a simple and scalable route to high-quality Cu3SbS4 absorber materials for thin-film photovoltaic applications.