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<p>Zinc tris-thiourea sulphate (ZTS) is a promising semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal known for its good transparency and moderate second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency. In this work, the influence of La<sup>3+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> co-dopants on the structural and optical properties of ZTS single crystals is systematically investigated. Pure and doped crystals were grown by the slow evaporation technique at 35&#xa0;°C temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction study confirmed that all samples retained the orthorhombic structure of ZTS, with slight variations in lattice parameters indicating successful dopant incorporation. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed minor shifts in the C–N stretching and N–H bending vibrations, suggesting interactions between the dopant ions and thiourea ligands. UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis showed a decrease in optical transparency upon La<sup>3+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> doping, attributed to increased lattice strain. However, the SHG efficiency measured using the Kurtz-Perry powder technique exhibited a significant enhancement compared to undoped ZTS, with 3&#xa0;mol% La<sup>3+</sup>- and K<sup>+</sup>-doped crystal showing the highest. The improvement in SHG response is ascribed to the local field effects introduced by dopant ions and the associated distortion of the crystal lattice. These findings demonstrate that controlled La<sup>3+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> doping can effectively tune the optical and NLO properties of ZTS crystals for potential photonic applications.</p>

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Exploring the effect of La3+ and K+ Co-doping on optical and nonlinear optical properties of Zinc tris-thiourea sulphate crystals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月8日

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  • Suryakant B. Kalokhe,
  • Rohan G. Satpute,
  • Pratik M. Wankhade,
  • Anil B. Naik,
  • Anil B. Gambhire,
  • Yuoraj S. Tamgadge,
  • Gajanan G. Muley

摘要

Zinc tris-thiourea sulphate (ZTS) is a promising semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal known for its good transparency and moderate second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency. In this work, the influence of La3+ and K+ co-dopants on the structural and optical properties of ZTS single crystals is systematically investigated. Pure and doped crystals were grown by the slow evaporation technique at 35 °C temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction study confirmed that all samples retained the orthorhombic structure of ZTS, with slight variations in lattice parameters indicating successful dopant incorporation. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed minor shifts in the C–N stretching and N–H bending vibrations, suggesting interactions between the dopant ions and thiourea ligands. UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis showed a decrease in optical transparency upon La3+ and K+ doping, attributed to increased lattice strain. However, the SHG efficiency measured using the Kurtz-Perry powder technique exhibited a significant enhancement compared to undoped ZTS, with 3 mol% La3+- and K+-doped crystal showing the highest. The improvement in SHG response is ascribed to the local field effects introduced by dopant ions and the associated distortion of the crystal lattice. These findings demonstrate that controlled La3+ and K+ doping can effectively tune the optical and NLO properties of ZTS crystals for potential photonic applications.