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<p>Conventional synthesis of lanthanum ferrite LaFeO<sub>3</sub> often requires high temperatures, leading to excessive energy consumption and particle agglomeration, which limits their effectiveness. To address this, we report a novel eco-friendly green synthesis method using lemon juice as a bio-fuel. This approach leverages the complexing ability of citrus phytochemicals to achieve a significant reduction in the crystallization temperature. Pure LaFeO<sub>3</sub> phase was successfully obtained at a calcination temperature of 500&#xa0;°C, which is substantially lower than conventional methods. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of a perovskite structure with an average particle size of 25 nm. The green ferrite exhibited enhanced electrical conductivity, compared to samples calcined at higher temperatures. The synergy between the nanometric size and the defect-rich structure induced by the low-temperature combustion is identified as the key factor for the enhanced properties. This work not only establishes lemon juice as an effective fuel for sustainable materials synthesis but also demonstrates the high functionality of the green nanoparticles, making them a promising candidate for advanced electronic and gas sensing applications.</p>

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Sustainable synthesis of LaFeO3 nanoparticles at low temperature using natural lemon extract for enhanced electrical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Salam Rhouma,
  • Refka Andoulsi-Fezei,
  • Soumaya Sayeb,
  • Nejib Abassi,
  • Mounir Ferhi,
  • Karima Horchani-Naifer

摘要

Conventional synthesis of lanthanum ferrite LaFeO3 often requires high temperatures, leading to excessive energy consumption and particle agglomeration, which limits their effectiveness. To address this, we report a novel eco-friendly green synthesis method using lemon juice as a bio-fuel. This approach leverages the complexing ability of citrus phytochemicals to achieve a significant reduction in the crystallization temperature. Pure LaFeO3 phase was successfully obtained at a calcination temperature of 500 °C, which is substantially lower than conventional methods. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of a perovskite structure with an average particle size of 25 nm. The green ferrite exhibited enhanced electrical conductivity, compared to samples calcined at higher temperatures. The synergy between the nanometric size and the defect-rich structure induced by the low-temperature combustion is identified as the key factor for the enhanced properties. This work not only establishes lemon juice as an effective fuel for sustainable materials synthesis but also demonstrates the high functionality of the green nanoparticles, making them a promising candidate for advanced electronic and gas sensing applications.