Investigating the role of rare earth ion as dopant and Co-dopant in Cuo NPs for high frequency applications
摘要
The necessity for improved dielectric materials has grown due to the swift advancement of 5G networks and high-frequency communication technologies (mmWave, IoT, and satellite communications). Dielectric materials with high dielectric permittivity, low dielectric loss, and excellent thermal stability are necessary for modern communication devices. To address these issues, this research focuses on creating innovative dielectrics with better permittivity, enhanced thermal stability, and environmentally benign synthesis. Advancing such materials are critical for developing sustainable and energy-efficient technologies in telecommunications, power electronics, and electric cars. In this study, Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were produced in an ecologically acceptable manner, and their dielectric characteristics were thoroughly investigated. Rare earth elements (Samarium and Cesium) were added to improve these qualities by doping and co-doping process. The structural properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to study their morphology. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to determine their thermal stability. Dielectric studies in the 50 Hz—1 MHz range and at 40, 80 and 120 °C found that Sm-Ce co-doped CuO had the maximum dielectric permittivity of 789 at 50 Hz and 120 °C, as well as the lowest dielectric loss of 0.99 (< 1). Low dielectric loss obtained in this present study is one of the major advantages for using CuO as dielectric material, which exhibit high dielectric loss due to its semiconducting nature. Electric modulus investigation revealed more consistent relaxation behavior with distinctive features about 105 Hz, validating its potential for high-frequency applications. Moreover, individual doping of rare earth produced high dielectric constant with minimal loss when compared with other metal oxides, vital for high-power applications to preserve signal integrity.