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<p>With the rapid development of 5G/6G mobile communication technology, microwave dielectric materials are facing increasingly strict performance requirements. As core fundamental materials for modern communication systems, performance optimization of microwave dielectric ceramics has become a research hotspot. Addressing the limitations of single-phase ceramic materials, dense microwave dielectric ceramics of (Nd<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>La<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>[Zr<sub>0.89</sub>(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Ta<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>0.11</sub>]<sub>3</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>9</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The experimental process involved 550&#xa0;°C pre-sintering followed by gradient sintering at 600–725&#xa0;°C (4&#xa0;h holding time). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited trigonal crystal structure with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R\overline{3} c\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> space group. The lattice parameters were obtained by Rietveld refinement method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization indicates that compactness has a significant impact on the dielectric constant (<i>ε</i><sub><i>r</i></sub>) and the quality factor (<i>Q</i> × <i>f</i>). Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated strong associations of <i>ε</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> and <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> values with characteristic peak shifts and full width at half maximum (<i>FWHM</i>), respectively. When sintered at 675&#xa0;°C, the NLZBTM (<i>x</i> = 0.03) ceramics exhibited exceptional comprehensive performance: <i>ε</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> = 11.24 ± 0.02, <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> = 116,914 ± 5738&#xa0;GHz, and <i>τ</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> = − 37 ± 1.5&#xa0;ppm/℃. The bond property analysis based on the P–V–L theory shows that the ionicity of the Nd/La–O bond makes the greatest contribution to <i>εᵣ</i>, while the covalency of the Mo–O bond significantly affects the <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> value and <i>τ</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> parameter. It is noteworthy that this material achieves low-temperature sintering at 675&#xa0;°C while maintaining excellent microwave dielectric properties, demonstrating significant potential as a candidate material for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).</p>

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La3+-substituted Nd2[Zr0.89(Bi0.5Ta0.5)0.11]3(MoO4)9 ceramics: structure, dielectric properties, Raman analysis, and P–V–L theory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Ruxuan Tang,
  • Yuan-Bin Chen,
  • Xiuyuan Su,
  • Ling Tang

摘要

With the rapid development of 5G/6G mobile communication technology, microwave dielectric materials are facing increasingly strict performance requirements. As core fundamental materials for modern communication systems, performance optimization of microwave dielectric ceramics has become a research hotspot. Addressing the limitations of single-phase ceramic materials, dense microwave dielectric ceramics of (Nd1-xLax)2[Zr0.89(Bi0.5Ta0.5)0.11]3(MoO4)9 (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The experimental process involved 550 °C pre-sintering followed by gradient sintering at 600–725 °C (4 h holding time). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited trigonal crystal structure with \(R\overline{3} c\) R 3 ¯ c space group. The lattice parameters were obtained by Rietveld refinement method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization indicates that compactness has a significant impact on the dielectric constant (εr) and the quality factor (Q × f). Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated strong associations of εr and Q × f values with characteristic peak shifts and full width at half maximum (FWHM), respectively. When sintered at 675 °C, the NLZBTM (x = 0.03) ceramics exhibited exceptional comprehensive performance: εr = 11.24 ± 0.02, Q × f = 116,914 ± 5738 GHz, and τf = − 37 ± 1.5 ppm/℃. The bond property analysis based on the P–V–L theory shows that the ionicity of the Nd/La–O bond makes the greatest contribution to εᵣ, while the covalency of the Mo–O bond significantly affects the Q × f value and τf parameter. It is noteworthy that this material achieves low-temperature sintering at 675 °C while maintaining excellent microwave dielectric properties, demonstrating significant potential as a candidate material for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).