Sustainable mining waste-origin carbon-blended LFP composites for advanced cathode materials in energy-storage applications
摘要
This study demonstrates that leonardite coal-derived humic acid (LHA)-assisted graphene oxide (HAGO) is a viable, sustainable alternative to carbon for energy-storage applications. HAGO was synthesized using the modified Hummers method. The carbon precursor, graphite, was replaced by a humic acid solution (HA) extracted from low-ranked leonardite coal (LC), a mining waste product. The electrochemical evaluation of LFP blended with reduced HAGO (rHAGO) attained a specific capacity of 157.2 mAh g⁻1 at 3.4 V. It reached a discharge capacity of 154.9 mAh g⁻1 and maintained 99.8% coulombic efficiency over 350 cycles. The obtained composite shows promise as a high-energy-storage cathode material for next-generation Li-ion batteries. The postmortem analysis reveals that the olivine LFP structure and the conductive rHAGO network remain largely unchanged after extended cycling. Additionally, it highlights how mining waste can be recycled into valuable, eco-friendly, high-value functional nanomaterials, providing a sustainable path to advanced cathode design. By fusing waste valorization with high-performance energy storage, it supports scalable green manufacturing and circular economy concepts for next-generation Li-ion batteries.