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<p>This research presents the development of a sustainable vinyl ester–based microwave shielding composite reinforced with <i>Prosopis cineraria</i> pod husk–derived biochar and <i>Cascabelathevetia</i> leaf stem microfibers, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional EMI shielding materials. The biochar contributed to enhanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding through increased electrical conductivity, while the natural microfibers improved structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. Composites were fabricated using stir-casting assisted by ultrasonication, followed by post-curing at 90&#xa0;°C for 3&#xa0;h to ensure complete crosslinking. Among the developed specimens, VBW2 (30 vol. % fiber and 3 vol. % biochar) exhibited the best balance of properties, achieving tensile and flexural strengths of 135&#xa0;MPa and 155&#xa0;MPa, respectively. It also delivered a dielectric constant of 6.1 at 8&#xa0;GHz and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 68.24&#xa0;dB at 18&#xa0;GHz, indicating strong attenuation suitable for high-frequency applications. Meanwhile, VBW3 containing 5 vol.% biochar offered the highest thermal conductivity (0.4&#xa0;W/mK) but showed reduced mechanical strength due to filler agglomeration at higher loading. SEM analysis confirmed uniform dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion in VBW1 and VBW2, validating the effectiveness of the processing route. Overall, the study demonstrates that optimizing biochar and fiber concentrations is crucial for achieving multifunctional performance. The developed composites show strong potential for use in lightweight EMI shielding casings, electronic enclosures, and structural components where mechanical robustness and thermal stability are required alongside electromagnetic attenuation.</p>

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Thermal conductivity, flammability and mechanical properties of vinyl-based microwave shielding composite using Prosopiscineraria pod husk biocharand Cascabelathevetia leaf stem microfiber

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • L. Karthick,
  • Pankaj Kumar Chauhan,
  • Sathish Kannan,
  • Sami Al Obaid

摘要

This research presents the development of a sustainable vinyl ester–based microwave shielding composite reinforced with Prosopis cineraria pod husk–derived biochar and Cascabelathevetia leaf stem microfibers, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional EMI shielding materials. The biochar contributed to enhanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding through increased electrical conductivity, while the natural microfibers improved structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. Composites were fabricated using stir-casting assisted by ultrasonication, followed by post-curing at 90 °C for 3 h to ensure complete crosslinking. Among the developed specimens, VBW2 (30 vol. % fiber and 3 vol. % biochar) exhibited the best balance of properties, achieving tensile and flexural strengths of 135 MPa and 155 MPa, respectively. It also delivered a dielectric constant of 6.1 at 8 GHz and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 68.24 dB at 18 GHz, indicating strong attenuation suitable for high-frequency applications. Meanwhile, VBW3 containing 5 vol.% biochar offered the highest thermal conductivity (0.4 W/mK) but showed reduced mechanical strength due to filler agglomeration at higher loading. SEM analysis confirmed uniform dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion in VBW1 and VBW2, validating the effectiveness of the processing route. Overall, the study demonstrates that optimizing biochar and fiber concentrations is crucial for achieving multifunctional performance. The developed composites show strong potential for use in lightweight EMI shielding casings, electronic enclosures, and structural components where mechanical robustness and thermal stability are required alongside electromagnetic attenuation.