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<p>The demand for efficient, lightweight, and radiation-resistant photovoltaic systems for space applications involves the investigation of novel materials beyond conventional silicon. This study presents a thorough examination of spin-tailored magnetic quantum dot-sensitised solar cells (MQDSSCs) utilising doped zinc ferrite (ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> quantum dots (QDs) as photosensitisers. Vanadium (V<sup>3</sup>⁺) and cerium (Ce<sup>3</sup>⁺) ions were integrated into the ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> lattice (V<sub><i>x</i></sub>Zn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Ce<sub><i>x</i></sub>Zn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>; <i>x</i> = 0.0–1.0) by a co-precipitation method to assess their influence on structural, magnetic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic characteristics. Comprehensive characterizations such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis, Photoluminescence (PL), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) reveal that doping significantly modulates crystallite size (18–45&#xa0;nm), lattice strain, cation distribution, bandgap, and magnetic ordering (<i>M</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.2–7.04 emu g<sup>−1</sup>). Photovoltaic studies indicate improved device performance following doping, with Ce-doped ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.4) attaining a peak power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.2% (<i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> = 0.703&#xa0;V, <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> = 20.5&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>2</sup>, Fill Factor = 70%), representing a 2.3-fold enhancement compared to the highest-performing V-doped sample (6.5% at <i>x</i> = 0.2). The enhanced performance of Ce-doped QDs is ascribed to bandgap narrowing generated by 4f orbitals, less charge recombination, and increased radiation tolerance. These results identify Ce<sub>0.4</sub>Zn<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a viable choice for space-grade photovoltaic applications, presenting a distinctive amalgamation of elevated efficiency, magnetic-field flexibility, and durability in severe extraterrestrial environments.</p>

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Spin-tailoring of ZnFe2O4 via vanadium and cerium doping for quantum dot-sensitised solar cell applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • B. J. Kalaiselvi,
  • R. Suruthy,
  • V. Samuthira Pandi,
  • T. Archana,
  • B. Uthayakumar,
  • S. Sukandhiya,
  • P. Siva Karthik

摘要

The demand for efficient, lightweight, and radiation-resistant photovoltaic systems for space applications involves the investigation of novel materials beyond conventional silicon. This study presents a thorough examination of spin-tailored magnetic quantum dot-sensitised solar cells (MQDSSCs) utilising doped zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4 quantum dots (QDs) as photosensitisers. Vanadium (V3⁺) and cerium (Ce3⁺) ions were integrated into the ZnFe2O4 lattice (VxZn1−xFe2O4 and CexZn1−xFe2O4; x = 0.0–1.0) by a co-precipitation method to assess their influence on structural, magnetic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic characteristics. Comprehensive characterizations such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis, Photoluminescence (PL), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) reveal that doping significantly modulates crystallite size (18–45 nm), lattice strain, cation distribution, bandgap, and magnetic ordering (Ms = 0.2–7.04 emu g−1). Photovoltaic studies indicate improved device performance following doping, with Ce-doped ZnFe2O4 (x = 0.4) attaining a peak power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.2% (Voc = 0.703 V, Jsc = 20.5 mA cm⁻2, Fill Factor = 70%), representing a 2.3-fold enhancement compared to the highest-performing V-doped sample (6.5% at x = 0.2). The enhanced performance of Ce-doped QDs is ascribed to bandgap narrowing generated by 4f orbitals, less charge recombination, and increased radiation tolerance. These results identify Ce0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 as a viable choice for space-grade photovoltaic applications, presenting a distinctive amalgamation of elevated efficiency, magnetic-field flexibility, and durability in severe extraterrestrial environments.