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<p>2-phenyl-5-(pyridine-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PYY–OXD) thin films were produced by the spin-coating method. The produced films were annealed at four different temperatures: 60&#xa0;°C, 80&#xa0;°C, 100&#xa0;°C, and 120&#xa0;°C, and the optimum annealing temperature was determined as 60&#xa0;°C. Then, to investigate the effect of molarity on the structural and optical properties of thin films, precursor solutions were prepared at two different concentrations, 0.05&#xa0;M and 0.10&#xa0;M. The data obtained clearly demonstrate that the concentration of the precursor solution strongly affects its crystallinity, film thickness, and optical transmittance. Films prepared from the 0.05&#xa0;M solution achieved transmittance values ​​of up to 80%, while films prepared from the 0.10&#xa0;M solution showed a decrease in transmittance and an improvement in crystallinity. The calculated band gap values were 2.97&#xa0;eV for 0.05&#xa0;M and 3.33&#xa0;eV for 0.10&#xa0;M, depending on this molarity. Also, the 0.10&#xa0;M PYY–OXD films showed a good antireflection behavior, with average reflectance values dropping to as low as 6.89%.</p>

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Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of 2-phenyl-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole thin films: a structural and optical study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • İmran Kanmaz,
  • Işık Çakmak,
  • Nurhan Gümrükçüoğlu,
  • Murat Tomakin,
  • Gökhan Apaydin

摘要

2-phenyl-5-(pyridine-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PYY–OXD) thin films were produced by the spin-coating method. The produced films were annealed at four different temperatures: 60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C, and 120 °C, and the optimum annealing temperature was determined as 60 °C. Then, to investigate the effect of molarity on the structural and optical properties of thin films, precursor solutions were prepared at two different concentrations, 0.05 M and 0.10 M. The data obtained clearly demonstrate that the concentration of the precursor solution strongly affects its crystallinity, film thickness, and optical transmittance. Films prepared from the 0.05 M solution achieved transmittance values ​​of up to 80%, while films prepared from the 0.10 M solution showed a decrease in transmittance and an improvement in crystallinity. The calculated band gap values were 2.97 eV for 0.05 M and 3.33 eV for 0.10 M, depending on this molarity. Also, the 0.10 M PYY–OXD films showed a good antireflection behavior, with average reflectance values dropping to as low as 6.89%.