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<p>Nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures were successfully synthesised using two distinct methods: the sol–gel method and chemical bath deposition (CBD). The synthesis parameters for the nanocrystalline NiO thin films were carefully optimised. Various characterisation techniques, such as UV–Visible spectrometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to thoroughly analyze the materials synthesised by both methods. UV–Visible analysis revealed distinct energy band gap values of 3.6&#xa0;eV for the CBD method and 3.55&#xa0;eV for the sol–gel method. The morphological properties, examined through SEM, confirmed the formation of NiO nanoflakes via the CBD method and nanoparticles through the sol–gel method. XRD analysis validated the presence of highly crystalline and pure NiO phases, with average particle sizes of ~ 9&#xa0;nm for CBD and ~ 12&#xa0;nm for the sol–gel method after calcination at 300&#xa0;°C. Notably, XRD results showed that higher calcination temperatures led to sharper peaks and increased crystallite sizes, indicating enhanced crystallinity and particle growth for films synthesised by both methods. These results highlight the significant influence of calcination temperature on the structural properties of NiO nanostructures. The gas-sensing properties of NiO thin films produced through CBD and sol–gel methods were investigated using domestic gas sensor units. The films displayed notable sensitivity to various gases, including LPG, H₂S, NH₃, methanol, ethanol, and NO₂, over a temperature range from room temperature to 250&#xa0;°C. Among the tested gases, NiO thin films synthesised via both methods exhibited the highest response to LPG.</p>

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Tailoring nickel oxide through two distinct synthesis techniques for gas sensing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Laxman N. Bhoye,
  • Laxmi D. Sonawane,
  • Swapnil S. Tayde,
  • Manoj A. more,
  • Ganesh E. Patil,
  • Nilesh D. Jadhav,
  • Anil N. Kulkarni,
  • Gotan H. Jain,
  • Tejas C. Gaikwad,
  • Mahendra S. Shinde

摘要

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures were successfully synthesised using two distinct methods: the sol–gel method and chemical bath deposition (CBD). The synthesis parameters for the nanocrystalline NiO thin films were carefully optimised. Various characterisation techniques, such as UV–Visible spectrometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to thoroughly analyze the materials synthesised by both methods. UV–Visible analysis revealed distinct energy band gap values of 3.6 eV for the CBD method and 3.55 eV for the sol–gel method. The morphological properties, examined through SEM, confirmed the formation of NiO nanoflakes via the CBD method and nanoparticles through the sol–gel method. XRD analysis validated the presence of highly crystalline and pure NiO phases, with average particle sizes of ~ 9 nm for CBD and ~ 12 nm for the sol–gel method after calcination at 300 °C. Notably, XRD results showed that higher calcination temperatures led to sharper peaks and increased crystallite sizes, indicating enhanced crystallinity and particle growth for films synthesised by both methods. These results highlight the significant influence of calcination temperature on the structural properties of NiO nanostructures. The gas-sensing properties of NiO thin films produced through CBD and sol–gel methods were investigated using domestic gas sensor units. The films displayed notable sensitivity to various gases, including LPG, H₂S, NH₃, methanol, ethanol, and NO₂, over a temperature range from room temperature to 250 °C. Among the tested gases, NiO thin films synthesised via both methods exhibited the highest response to LPG.