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<p>In this study, we synthesized Ni-Zn bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (Bi-MOFs) and first investigated their performance as saturable absorbers (SAs) in passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs). Two samples of Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SAs were synthesized using two distinct organic linkers: methyl-imidazole (MIM) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC). The prepared materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their structural properties and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the functional groups. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed well-defined microcrystalline morphologies, while EDX spectra and elemental mapping confirmed the uniform elemental composition and homogeneous distribution within the prepared Ni–Zn Bi-MOF samples. The prepared MIM and BTC linker-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOFs yielded a modulation depth of 11.28% and 6.65%, respectively. Once prepared, SAs integrated within the laser cavity, the measured experimental results showed that the EDFL with the MIM-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SA achieved an emission wavelength of 1559.88&#xa0;nm, a repetition rate of 121&#xa0;kHz, a pulse width of 3.98&#xa0;μs, and an average output power of 2.55 mW at a maximum pump power of 312.5 mW. In contrast, the EDFL with the BTC-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SA generated an emission wavelength of 1560.12&#xa0;nm, a repetition rate of 75.3&#xa0;kHz, a pulse width of 6&#xa0;μs, and an average output power of 4.55 mW at the same pump power. Furthermore, the stability of both MIM- and BTC-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SAs was evaluated for one hour at a fixed pump power of 104.6 mW. Measurements of average power, repetition rate, and pulse width during stability testing confirmed the reliability and robustness of the Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SAs. This study demonstrates that the Ni-Zn Bi-MOFs are well-suited SAs for pulsed laser sources, highlighting their potential in telecommunications and material processing.</p>

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Ni-Zn bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (Bi-MOFs) as novel saturable absorbers in Q-switched erbium-doped fiber lasers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Shahid Sadiq,
  • Javed Iqbal,
  • Tahani. A. Alrebdi,
  • Summayya Batool,
  • Saddam,
  • Haroon Asghar

摘要

In this study, we synthesized Ni-Zn bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (Bi-MOFs) and first investigated their performance as saturable absorbers (SAs) in passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs). Two samples of Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SAs were synthesized using two distinct organic linkers: methyl-imidazole (MIM) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC). The prepared materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their structural properties and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the functional groups. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed well-defined microcrystalline morphologies, while EDX spectra and elemental mapping confirmed the uniform elemental composition and homogeneous distribution within the prepared Ni–Zn Bi-MOF samples. The prepared MIM and BTC linker-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOFs yielded a modulation depth of 11.28% and 6.65%, respectively. Once prepared, SAs integrated within the laser cavity, the measured experimental results showed that the EDFL with the MIM-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SA achieved an emission wavelength of 1559.88 nm, a repetition rate of 121 kHz, a pulse width of 3.98 μs, and an average output power of 2.55 mW at a maximum pump power of 312.5 mW. In contrast, the EDFL with the BTC-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SA generated an emission wavelength of 1560.12 nm, a repetition rate of 75.3 kHz, a pulse width of 6 μs, and an average output power of 4.55 mW at the same pump power. Furthermore, the stability of both MIM- and BTC-based Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SAs was evaluated for one hour at a fixed pump power of 104.6 mW. Measurements of average power, repetition rate, and pulse width during stability testing confirmed the reliability and robustness of the Ni-Zn Bi-MOF-SAs. This study demonstrates that the Ni-Zn Bi-MOFs are well-suited SAs for pulsed laser sources, highlighting their potential in telecommunications and material processing.