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<p>The porous activated carbon was synthesized from Portia Tree Seed (PTS) by the chemical activation method with the aid of Orthophosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) as a chemical agent at different temperatures (600 and 700°C) to prepare a high-performance electrode for supercapacitor applications. The structural and functional characteristics of the prepared activated carbon materials were examined using Raman Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed the presence of degree of graphitization and surface functional groups. From the synthesized carbon materials, PTS AC 700 exhibited a well-developed porous structure with a high specific surface area of 609 m<sup>2</sup>/g, as determined by BET analysis. The electrochemical behavior of the PTS AC 600 and PTS AC 700 was studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV curves displayed quasi-rectangular shapes with slight distortions, indicating dominant electric double-layer capacitive (EDLC) behavior with minor pseudocapacitive contributions. In GCD, the PTS AC 700 electrode delivered higher specific capacitance of 162 F/g and energy density of 22.50 Wh/kg than the PTS AC 600, resulting from enhanced conductivity and improved pore structure. Moreover, the electrode demonstrated excellent cyclic stability, maintaining its capacitance over 3000 cycles in 1&#xa0;M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte. As a result, this work demonstrates the renewable biomass Portia tree seeds can be effectively transformed into low-cost, eco-friendly electrode materials, providing the path toward sustainable and high-performance supercapacitor.</p>

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Surface capacitive and diffusive charge contribution analysis in Portia tree seeds derived activated carbon with orthophosphoric acid for electrodes in supercapacitor applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • B. Gokulapriya,
  • M. Ramamoorthi,
  • S. ArunKumar,
  • M. Selvapandiyan

摘要

The porous activated carbon was synthesized from Portia Tree Seed (PTS) by the chemical activation method with the aid of Orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) as a chemical agent at different temperatures (600 and 700°C) to prepare a high-performance electrode for supercapacitor applications. The structural and functional characteristics of the prepared activated carbon materials were examined using Raman Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed the presence of degree of graphitization and surface functional groups. From the synthesized carbon materials, PTS AC 700 exhibited a well-developed porous structure with a high specific surface area of 609 m2/g, as determined by BET analysis. The electrochemical behavior of the PTS AC 600 and PTS AC 700 was studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV curves displayed quasi-rectangular shapes with slight distortions, indicating dominant electric double-layer capacitive (EDLC) behavior with minor pseudocapacitive contributions. In GCD, the PTS AC 700 electrode delivered higher specific capacitance of 162 F/g and energy density of 22.50 Wh/kg than the PTS AC 600, resulting from enhanced conductivity and improved pore structure. Moreover, the electrode demonstrated excellent cyclic stability, maintaining its capacitance over 3000 cycles in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. As a result, this work demonstrates the renewable biomass Portia tree seeds can be effectively transformed into low-cost, eco-friendly electrode materials, providing the path toward sustainable and high-performance supercapacitor.