Scholarlink

<p>This study focuses on the synthesis of lithium-substituted hematite-based hydroelectric cells using a solid-state reaction technique, leveraging their oxygen-deficient characteristics to generate electricity. The fabrication process involved attaching a silver electrode to one side and a zinc electrode to the opposite side of circular pellets with an area of 3.14 cm<sup>2</sup>. Structural analysis was performed using Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence analysis confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies in the synthesized material. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous pores and densely packed, randomly distributed oval-shaped grains across the surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy further revealed structural defects such as dislocations, stacking faults, and lattice distortions associated with oxygen vacancy formation. The electrochemical behavior was analyzed across three polarization loss regions using voltage–current polarization curves, providing insight into charge transport mechanisms. Ionic conduction involving dissociated hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) was evident from Nyquist plots under wet conditions. Water molecules undergo surface chemi-dissociation followed by physi-dissociation, resulting in proton (H⁺) hopping through mesopores. This process generates sufficient electric potential to further dissociate physisorbed water molecules, thereby sustaining the cell’s current output. The lithium-substituted hematite-based hydroelectric cell achieved a peak current of 15.47 milliamperes, an open-circuit voltage of 0.96&#xa0;V, and a maximum output power of 14.85 milliwatts using only water. The water dissociation process is strongly influenced by material porosity, electronegativity, the presence of uncoordinated surface cations, and oxygen vacancies. Owing to its low cost, simple fabrication process, and environmentally friendly operation, the lithium-substituted hematite-based hydroelectric cell offers potential for portable and sustainable energy applications.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Hydroelectric cell based on lithium-substituted hematite for electricity generation via water splitting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

查看全文
  • Anoop Singh,
  • Himanshu Tanwar,
  • Sujata Sanghi,
  • Jyoti Shah,
  • R. K. Kotnala,
  • Ashish Agarwal

摘要

This study focuses on the synthesis of lithium-substituted hematite-based hydroelectric cells using a solid-state reaction technique, leveraging their oxygen-deficient characteristics to generate electricity. The fabrication process involved attaching a silver electrode to one side and a zinc electrode to the opposite side of circular pellets with an area of 3.14 cm2. Structural analysis was performed using Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence analysis confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies in the synthesized material. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous pores and densely packed, randomly distributed oval-shaped grains across the surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy further revealed structural defects such as dislocations, stacking faults, and lattice distortions associated with oxygen vacancy formation. The electrochemical behavior was analyzed across three polarization loss regions using voltage–current polarization curves, providing insight into charge transport mechanisms. Ionic conduction involving dissociated hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) was evident from Nyquist plots under wet conditions. Water molecules undergo surface chemi-dissociation followed by physi-dissociation, resulting in proton (H⁺) hopping through mesopores. This process generates sufficient electric potential to further dissociate physisorbed water molecules, thereby sustaining the cell’s current output. The lithium-substituted hematite-based hydroelectric cell achieved a peak current of 15.47 milliamperes, an open-circuit voltage of 0.96 V, and a maximum output power of 14.85 milliwatts using only water. The water dissociation process is strongly influenced by material porosity, electronegativity, the presence of uncoordinated surface cations, and oxygen vacancies. Owing to its low cost, simple fabrication process, and environmentally friendly operation, the lithium-substituted hematite-based hydroelectric cell offers potential for portable and sustainable energy applications.