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<p>Samarium orthoferrite (SmFeO<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel method and extensively characterized for their structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and multifunctional properties. X-ray diffraction analysis, supported by Rietveld refinement, confirmed the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure with Pbnm symmetry, and high crystallinity. Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic vibrational modes associated with FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedral tilting and Sm–O lattice dynamics, validating structural integrity at the nanoscale. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed uniformly distributed, spherical nanoparticles with an average size of ~ 270&#xa0;nm. UV–Vis absorption studies indicated a direct optical band gap of ~ 2.01&#xa0;eV, making the material suitable for visible-light-responsive applications. Magnetic measurements displayed weak ferromagnetic behavior due to spin canting induced by Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions, while ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loops exhibited slim, unsaturated profiles indicative of leaky polarization driven by lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the Fe<sup>3+</sup> valence state and magnetic ordering without impurity phases. Photoluminescence studies showed intense emissions around 565&#xa0;nm and 600&#xa0;nm corresponding to 4f–4f transitions of Sm<sup>3</sup>⁺, enhanced by oxygen vacancies and nanoscale effects. The convergence of optical, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties demonstrates the multifunctional nature of SmFeO<sub>3</sub>nanoparticles, highlighting their potential for applications in spintronics, optoelectronics, magnetoelectric devices, and photocatalysis.</p>

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Derived SmFeO3 nanoparticles exhibiting optical, magnetic, and ferroelectric coupling for multifunctional applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • Lokanadham Marrapu,
  • D. Rama Sekhara Reddy

摘要

Samarium orthoferrite (SmFeO3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel method and extensively characterized for their structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and multifunctional properties. X-ray diffraction analysis, supported by Rietveld refinement, confirmed the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure with Pbnm symmetry, and high crystallinity. Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic vibrational modes associated with FeO6 octahedral tilting and Sm–O lattice dynamics, validating structural integrity at the nanoscale. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed uniformly distributed, spherical nanoparticles with an average size of ~ 270 nm. UV–Vis absorption studies indicated a direct optical band gap of ~ 2.01 eV, making the material suitable for visible-light-responsive applications. Magnetic measurements displayed weak ferromagnetic behavior due to spin canting induced by Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions, while ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loops exhibited slim, unsaturated profiles indicative of leaky polarization driven by lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the Fe3+ valence state and magnetic ordering without impurity phases. Photoluminescence studies showed intense emissions around 565 nm and 600 nm corresponding to 4f–4f transitions of Sm3⁺, enhanced by oxygen vacancies and nanoscale effects. The convergence of optical, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties demonstrates the multifunctional nature of SmFeO3nanoparticles, highlighting their potential for applications in spintronics, optoelectronics, magnetoelectric devices, and photocatalysis.