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<p>The inherent vulnerability of ambient-processed CsFAMAPbX<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells to humidity has long presented a significant challenge. Incorporating lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) into the CsFAMAPbX<sub>3</sub> perovskite lattice markedly improves its processability under ambient conditions with up to 60% relative humidity. Investigation reveals that Li-TFSI facilitates improved bulk structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties in the resulting perovskite film. Specifically, Li-TFSI dissociation into Li<sup>+</sup> and TFSI<sup>−</sup> ions enhances crystallinity and grain size, leading to faceted grains with a smoother surface topology conducive to interfacial coupling and charge transfer. This passivation effect enables perovskite solar cell fabrication under ambient conditions. Furthermore, Li-TFSI doping reduces the optical band edge, expanding spectral response, and mitigates defect density, all critical factors for ambient processing. Resulting Li-TFSI-doped CsFAMAPbX<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells (0.1 cm<sup>2</sup> active area) exhibit power conversion efficiencies reaching 21.24%, with a short-circuit current density of 25.2&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, an open-circuit voltage of 1.11&#xa0;V, and a fill factor of 75.68%. This represents a 22.3% improvement over pristine devices, which attain maximum efficiencies of approximately 17.37% with corresponding parameters of 23.1&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 1.09&#xa0;V, and 69.09%, respectively. The champion device maintained 91.8% of its original efficiency following 27&#xa0;days of storage in an N₂ atmosphere. The integration of Li-TFSI demonstrates substantial promise for ambient-processed CsFAMAPbX<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells.</p>

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Enhanced optoelectrical dynamics in ambient-processed CsFAMAPbX3 perovskite solar cells by lithium organic salt doping

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月7日

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  • Marjoni Imamora Ali Umar,
  • Dewi Sahara,
  • Fadhilah Fadhilah,
  • Abang Anuar Ehsan,
  • Muhammad Aniq Shazni Mohammad Haniff,
  • Mohd Yusri Abd Rahman,
  • Vivi Fauzia,
  • Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
  • Dahyunir Dahlan,
  • Setia Budi,
  • Akrajas Ali Umar

摘要

The inherent vulnerability of ambient-processed CsFAMAPbX3 perovskite solar cells to humidity has long presented a significant challenge. Incorporating lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) into the CsFAMAPbX3 perovskite lattice markedly improves its processability under ambient conditions with up to 60% relative humidity. Investigation reveals that Li-TFSI facilitates improved bulk structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties in the resulting perovskite film. Specifically, Li-TFSI dissociation into Li+ and TFSI− ions enhances crystallinity and grain size, leading to faceted grains with a smoother surface topology conducive to interfacial coupling and charge transfer. This passivation effect enables perovskite solar cell fabrication under ambient conditions. Furthermore, Li-TFSI doping reduces the optical band edge, expanding spectral response, and mitigates defect density, all critical factors for ambient processing. Resulting Li-TFSI-doped CsFAMAPbX3 perovskite solar cells (0.1 cm2 active area) exhibit power conversion efficiencies reaching 21.24%, with a short-circuit current density of 25.2 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.11 V, and a fill factor of 75.68%. This represents a 22.3% improvement over pristine devices, which attain maximum efficiencies of approximately 17.37% with corresponding parameters of 23.1 mA/cm2, 1.09 V, and 69.09%, respectively. The champion device maintained 91.8% of its original efficiency following 27 days of storage in an N₂ atmosphere. The integration of Li-TFSI demonstrates substantial promise for ambient-processed CsFAMAPbX3 perovskite solar cells.