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<p>Mg<sub>1−x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.0–1.0) ferrites were synthesized through the sol–gel auto-combustion method to investigate their structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure with space group <i>Fd-3m</i>. XRD revealed a non-linear variation in lattice parameter (8.3841 to 8.3650&#xa0;Å) and crystallite size (12.27 ± 0.25 to 22.76 ± 0.29&#xa0;nm) with increasing Co-concentration. FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic metal–oxygen vibrations in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites, supporting Co-substitution through redshift in absorption bands and intensity changes. Raman spectra showed enhanced vibrational ordering and sharper peaks with Co-doping, indicating improved cation distribution and stronger M–O bonding. XPS analysis suggested successful substitution of Mg<sup>2+</sup> by Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> ions as evidenced by the evolution of core-level spectra and binding energy shift. Magnetic measurements revealed a systematic increase in <i>M</i><sub><i>S</i></sub> (17.63 to 54.48&#xa0;emu/g), <i>H</i><sub><i>C</i></sub> (20 to 1348 Oe), and magnetic anisotropy with Co-content, suggesting a transition from soft to hard magnetic behavior. The study shows Co-doping enhances structural and magnetic properties of MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, suggesting potential application in magnetic data storage, permanent magnets, and spintronic devices.</p>

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Study on the impact of Co-doping on the structural, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of nano-crystalline MgFe2O4

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • V. K. Mukhiya,
  • R. K. Kushwaha,
  • Sudesh Kumar,
  • H. S. Mund,
  • Saroj Dhaka

摘要

Mg1−xCoxFe2O4 (x = 0.0–1.0) ferrites were synthesized through the sol–gel auto-combustion method to investigate their structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure with space group Fd-3m. XRD revealed a non-linear variation in lattice parameter (8.3841 to 8.3650 Å) and crystallite size (12.27 ± 0.25 to 22.76 ± 0.29 nm) with increasing Co-concentration. FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic metal–oxygen vibrations in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites, supporting Co-substitution through redshift in absorption bands and intensity changes. Raman spectra showed enhanced vibrational ordering and sharper peaks with Co-doping, indicating improved cation distribution and stronger M–O bonding. XPS analysis suggested successful substitution of Mg2+ by Co2+/Co3+ ions as evidenced by the evolution of core-level spectra and binding energy shift. Magnetic measurements revealed a systematic increase in MS (17.63 to 54.48 emu/g), HC (20 to 1348 Oe), and magnetic anisotropy with Co-content, suggesting a transition from soft to hard magnetic behavior. The study shows Co-doping enhances structural and magnetic properties of MgFe2O4, suggesting potential application in magnetic data storage, permanent magnets, and spintronic devices.