<p>This study presents the fabrication and comprehensive characterization of an eco-friendly, self-powered photodetector based on a <i>Dracaena cinnabari</i>-derived organic thin film. Structural, optical, and morphological properties of the film were evaluated using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and cross-sectional imaging. The material exhibited a semiconducting band gap of 3.06 eV and semi-crystalline structure, with SEM revealing uniform surface morphology and EDS confirming the elemental composition consistent with organic semiconductor constituents. Thin film thickness was found as 228.7 nm using the cross-sectional SEM images. Integrated into a Schottky-type device on n-Si, the photodetector demonstrated robust diode characteristics and strong self-powered photoresponse under 650 nm illumination. The device exhibited a photosensitivity of 325, a responsivity of 207.01 mA/W, a detectivity of 1.03 × 10¹¹ Jones, a noise-equivalent power of 8.64 × 10^–13 WHz^−1/2, and an external quantum efficiency of 41.59% at 650 nm under self-powered operation. The device exhibited broadband detection from 351 to 1600 nm, with peak performance in the visible region. Stability testing over 30 days showed less than 5% degradation in all major metrics, confirming excellent long-term reliability. These findings underscore the potential of <i>Dracaena cinnabari</i> as a sustainable, bio-derived material for high-performance optoelectronic devices.</p>