<p>Flexible zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (FZIHCs) have attracted substantial interest owing to their exceptional attributes, including high safety profiles, cost-effectiveness, elevated energy densities, and superior power densities, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation wearable electronics. However, the advancement of FZIHC technology has been constrained by the relatively limited capacity of cathode materials. Graphene, renowned for its remarkable electrical conductivity, substantial theoretical capacity, and outstanding mechanical flexibility, stands as a widely adopted material for the fabrication of flexible electrodes. Nonetheless, the pronounced π–π interactions among graphene sheets frequently induce stacking and agglomeration phenomena, thereby compromising its electrochemical performance. In this work, we have successfully fabricated N-doped multi-sized graphene-based flexible electrodes rGO/GQDs (rGO/GQDs is the abbreviation for oxidized graphite oxide/graphene quantum dots) and systematically evaluated the performance of FZIHC. N-doped rGO/GQDs composite electrode material was prepared via a hydrothermal reaction using urea as the nitrogen dopant. By functioning as active interlayer separators within the reduced rGO framework, GQDs significantly reduce rGO layer restacking and consequently optimize the material’s electrochemical performance. Importantly, compared with previously reported rGO/GQD-based electrodes, our N-doping strategy introduces additional electroactive sites and enhances electrode wettability while suppressing graphene aggregation, thereby providing a distinct improvement in both capacity and cycling stability. The FZIHC, utilizing rGO/GQDs as the cathode material, demonstrated a specific capacity of 198.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This rGO/GQDs-based flexible quasi-solid-state ZIHC exhibits remarkable durability, it preserves an impressive 96.1% capacity retention after 1,000 charging–discharge cycles and sustains 92.6% of its capacity retention through 5,000 bending operations.&#xa0;The high specific capacity and remarkable capacity retention rate of FZIHC are anticipated to hold potential application value in the realm of road traffic. Specifically, in the future, they are expected to play a significant role in warning lights and traffic signal lights.</p>

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N-doped rGO/GQDs composite electrodes for high-performance flexible zinc-ion capacitors

  • Da Lu,
  • Lijuan Xiao,
  • Jinping Cheng,
  • Lan Luo,
  • Zhengwei Liu,
  • Qilong Chen,
  • Feng Qin,
  • Zhengchu Zhang,
  • Chao Yang

摘要

Flexible zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (FZIHCs) have attracted substantial interest owing to their exceptional attributes, including high safety profiles, cost-effectiveness, elevated energy densities, and superior power densities, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation wearable electronics. However, the advancement of FZIHC technology has been constrained by the relatively limited capacity of cathode materials. Graphene, renowned for its remarkable electrical conductivity, substantial theoretical capacity, and outstanding mechanical flexibility, stands as a widely adopted material for the fabrication of flexible electrodes. Nonetheless, the pronounced π–π interactions among graphene sheets frequently induce stacking and agglomeration phenomena, thereby compromising its electrochemical performance. In this work, we have successfully fabricated N-doped multi-sized graphene-based flexible electrodes rGO/GQDs (rGO/GQDs is the abbreviation for oxidized graphite oxide/graphene quantum dots) and systematically evaluated the performance of FZIHC. N-doped rGO/GQDs composite electrode material was prepared via a hydrothermal reaction using urea as the nitrogen dopant. By functioning as active interlayer separators within the reduced rGO framework, GQDs significantly reduce rGO layer restacking and consequently optimize the material’s electrochemical performance. Importantly, compared with previously reported rGO/GQD-based electrodes, our N-doping strategy introduces additional electroactive sites and enhances electrode wettability while suppressing graphene aggregation, thereby providing a distinct improvement in both capacity and cycling stability. The FZIHC, utilizing rGO/GQDs as the cathode material, demonstrated a specific capacity of 198.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. This rGO/GQDs-based flexible quasi-solid-state ZIHC exhibits remarkable durability, it preserves an impressive 96.1% capacity retention after 1,000 charging–discharge cycles and sustains 92.6% of its capacity retention through 5,000 bending operations. The high specific capacity and remarkable capacity retention rate of FZIHC are anticipated to hold potential application value in the realm of road traffic. Specifically, in the future, they are expected to play a significant role in warning lights and traffic signal lights.