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<p>Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> (LTO–TiO<sub>2</sub>) composites were synthesized via hydrothermal method with varying concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt%) of cesium (Cs) ions. Structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of both rutile and anatase phases of TiO<sub>2</sub> integrated with the LTO structure. FESEM images revealed a granular morphology with grain sizes ranging from 20 to 30&#xa0;nm, consistent with the crystallite sizes estimated by XRD. VSM measurements indicated a transition from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior with increasing Cs ion concentration. CV analysis demonstrated a pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism, with specific capacitance values increasing significantly from 120 F g<sup>−1</sup> (undoped) to 800 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.9 wt% Cs doping. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient (D) improved from 1.26 × 10<sup>−12</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup> (undoped) to 3.22 × 10<sup>−11</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup> at the highest Cs concentration. These results suggest that Cs-doped LTO–TiO<sub>2</sub> composites are promising candidates for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.</p>

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Structural, magnetic, and electrochemical performance of Cs-doped Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 mixed-phase supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Saqib Jabbar,
  • Ahtsham Ali,
  • Umm-i-Kalsoom,
  • Aminah Hameed,
  • Ghulam Sarwar Butt,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Fahad,
  • Riaz Ahmad

摘要

Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 (LTO–TiO2) composites were synthesized via hydrothermal method with varying concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt%) of cesium (Cs) ions. Structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of both rutile and anatase phases of TiO2 integrated with the LTO structure. FESEM images revealed a granular morphology with grain sizes ranging from 20 to 30 nm, consistent with the crystallite sizes estimated by XRD. VSM measurements indicated a transition from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior with increasing Cs ion concentration. CV analysis demonstrated a pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism, with specific capacitance values increasing significantly from 120 F g−1 (undoped) to 800 F g−1 at 0.9 wt% Cs doping. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient (D) improved from 1.26 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 (undoped) to 3.22 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 at the highest Cs concentration. These results suggest that Cs-doped LTO–TiO2 composites are promising candidates for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.